Category: Vaccine

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Billionaire Says His Long-Delayed Titanic II Ship Will Be Antidote to Woke Politics – Rolling Stone

March 31, 2024

Rohan Thomson/Getty Images

It seems reasonable to expect that just about anything can and will go wrong with a full-size replica of a cruise ship that famously sank on its maiden voyage, killing more than 1,500 people aboard. But Titanic II, Australian mining billionaire Clive Palmers proposed heir to the original RMS Titanic, hasnt faced a disaster so far because over the decade and change that Palmer has been pitching it, nothing has been built.

First announced in 2012 for the 100th anniversary of the Titanics fateful voyage, Palmer envisions the Titanic II, operated by his company Blue Star Line, as a historically accurate tribute to its namesake, right down to the cramped steerage cabins. Of course, there will be some tweaks to ensure it reaches its destination this time: Palmer wants the ship to have cutting-edge navigation equipment, safety systems, and plenty of lifeboats. Throughout the many snags in the project including payment disputes and scrapped plans to build in a Chinese shipyard very little of this core idea has changed, with Palmer brushing off skeptics by reminding them that he has the money and determination to see it through.

What has changed somewhat is how Palmer, who in the past decade has served in Australian parliament and chaired a right-wing political party he founded, describes the symbolism of the Titanic(s). In a March 13 press conference at the Sydney Opera House to announce his recommitment to reconstructing the doomed ocean liner, Palmer said it would be a beacon of hope amid war in Ukraine and Gaza, bring people together after the era of Covid lockdowns, and embody traditional values as opposed to woke politics. Here, he talks with Rolling Stone about what he thinks Titanic II crossing the Atlantic into New York Habor would mean to the world.

This has been in the works for a long time, but how did you originally get interested in the Titanic? Its very topical. I originally got interested because we know how to make war see whats happening in Ukraine and Gaza. Its much more difficult to make peace in the world. And the Titanic is an international symbol. Its a symbol of love and peace, really. I mean, the movie, everyone knows the Jack and Rose story. All of us have a Jack and Rose story of our own. So I thought itd be good to do something to promote those aspects in life. Secondly, we need to remember the people of the Titanic, and some of the values that we question in society today disappearing, such as courage and self-sacrifice. You remember the musicians on the Titanic that stood there at their station, playing Nearer My God to Thee? They were more concerned about the people that were with than themselves. Were running our culture into a self-centered society, so we want to refocus on those things. We thought we could design the whole ship and have it ready in three to four years construction. But it took about five to six years to design. Originally, the challenge was much greater because we had to incorporate all the safety provisions and still keep the design of the ship the same that was a lot harder than we thought. And we know what happened with cruise shipping and Covid, we had to stop and pause and see what was happening, but today shipping has come back. It gives us the time to pull those plans off the shelf and to get the project moving.

With all these delays you had, how did you get back on track? Well, Ive got a lot of money. And at my age, at 70, I should try to do something with it thats positive for the world. But its not unusual that people my age build the boat, sail the world, climb a mountain, do something like that. I did promise the people of New York [in 2012], we launched it on the [USS] Intrepid, One day youll be able to say that you were there where it all began. The Titanic sailed up the Hudson River into New York Harbor, completed the journey. A lot of the original descendants of people who died on the Titanic, some of the best-known names in New York, wanted to buy their tickets and they offered millions of dollars. Surprisingly, we had an enormous number of people wanting to go a third class. One of the big things we found in the plans as we tried to build Titanic was a big square, going down five decks we didnt know what it was for, but we discovered a flooring that had one word: Potatoes. That was the food store for all the third class: you could have sauted potatoes, fried potatoes, potatoes, mashed potatoes, but all you had was potatoes in third class. A lot of people saying they wanted tickets at that time were New York stockbrokers stuck in a dingy office all day, talking to other people about nothing, I guess, wanting to get back to some reality, some sort of human nature. Because we will have Irish dancing, we will have one-to-one contact in the cabin, the two of you sharing together and 30 of you sharing a bathroom. Thats part of the experience that part of the Titanic. Its not the luxury part.

Some billionaires are really focused on the future space travel, advanced AI. But it sounds like you really want to look to the past. I want to look to the present and the future. Look, Im saying these things are important, you know, to touch someone, to give them a hug. Doesnt matter whether youre on the moon or youre going to Mars, right? You still meet people, you still need to respect them. You still need to value that sort of human relationship. I think one of our problems in our society that we dont value that sense. We want to challenge the whole concept that whats important is money for the sake of money without any reasonable purpose. Then, of course, weve got to remember the Titanic has played an enormous role in safety in shipping. So many people would have perished if those changes werent put into place, lifeboats and bulkheads and things like that. So weve got to recognize that from a disaster, we learn how we can make our lives better.

Has anyone tried to talk you out of this? My wife, but thats purely for selfish reasons, so Id spend more time with her and the kids. I just think Ive got the money. Ive got a limited lifespan. Unlike Rupert Murdoch, I cant live to 150. I might as well spend the money Ive got doing something positive. We can certainly fund this without any problems, its no strain on me at all. All Ive got to do is write the check. Well, I want to do more than that. I want to be a bit of an inspiration to people and say, This is what you can do. I think its a great, a great project, and its so popular.

I know youre not worried about profit, but how much of your own money have you already spent? Were allocating at the moment a couple of hundred million dollars. And certainly theres more available. But youve got to remember the Titanic is a 60,000-ton vessel. Well, it was actually 48,000 originally, but one of the problems we had with the Titanic is that you have to make it safe. Youll remember, in the movie you had the guy in the crows nest saying Iceberg! That was because from the from the bridge, you couldnt see over the bow. We cant do that today. So we had to put a whole new deck in the Titanic. And its got a lot of the modern conveniences that you want. Were going to make sure that in every room therell be a little panel that will tell you the history of the person who occupied your cabin. Did they survive, did they prevail? Everyone will get a costume so that they can come up to dinner, and it will be a real experience for them. One of the worst experiences, of course, on the Titanic was delousing. They took the third class up on deck and sprayed them in their underpants and bras. So depending on the weather, well have delousing for our third class, too.

Are you interested in getting any outside financing, or do you just want to be in complete control? I dont really want to be in control so much, Im not that sort of person. But Ive got too much money. So I dont need any other money. We dont need to raise any funds. We dont need to take mums and dads money, if anyone loses any money, its [me], and Im happy to lose money at this age. We can make instant decisions about what we want to do without worrying about the consequences. We havent got to have a committee sits here and says, Oh, should we do this? What will the SEC say? Itll be a Covid vaccine-free environment.

Vaccine-free how? We wont have any. We dont believe people should be compelled. You might be aware of it, but I recently funded a case in Queensland where we had the vaccines declared unlawful because we believe that impeded on individual choice and freedom. And the courts agreed with us as well, the superior court so its the first in the world. That was another controversial thing. [Palmer put $2.5-$3 million toward a successful legal challenge brought by police and ambulance service workers who said they faced disciplinary action up to termination for refusing to comply with a vaccine mandate.]

But will vaccinated people be allowed on the ship? Yeah, weve got to extend our hand in love and friendship for people being vaccinated despite the side effects. We have to look after them. And theyre all good people. Were all the same really, like white, green, yellow, whatever it is to embrace each other.

This gets to something you said in your recent press conference, which is that the Titanic reflects traditional values instead of woke values. So can you explain what that means? Theres been a concept in society that you can cancel people. I think you know what I mean by canceled people, and we think thats a terrible concept. The United States was founded on the rights of men to be different. The diversity that weve had in our economy, in our intellectual development has really meant thats developed our society to a higher level. Im talking about Western society in general. So the French Revolution, the American Revolution, all those things were brought about by individuals [claiming] their rights to express an opinion or view. I mean, you should have the right to be wrong.

In that same press conference, it seems like you were also ready to argue with some of the journalists, or that you take issue with people who are skeptical of the project. Do the naysayers get you down? Doesnt get me down. I think the press are not relevant to me from that context. A lot of people go out to the press because they want to raise money or public support. Youve got to admire the journalist, because a journalists job is to create a bit of controversy. I dont need to have any bad feelings towards that, theyre just doing their job. If this was a project where public money was going into it, [there would be] a greater justification for journalists to be skeptical.

There are people who view the Titanic as a symbol of mankinds hubris. What would you say to that kind of thinking? Its up to everybody to decide for themselves, will they buy tickets, where they travel, whether its got value to them and their family. People really dont get a unified position on hardly anything. If you go to a communist regime, were supposed to have that, I guess. That might be enforced, not by free will. We want people and journalists to be free. I mean, look at New Zealand, all the television stations there are closing, theyll maybe have one government service. So its getting more and more like a Stalin situation. So thats not good. [Newshub, one of two free TV news stations in the country, will be shuttered in the coming months by owner Warner Bros. Discovery.] We need to respect and cherish all opinions, and society should benefit by that and get to the right decision. Thats how I look at it. Im not frightened of controversy.

No, I didnt get that impression. Youve said a lot of people are interested in this maiden voyage. Is there anyone you can share whos expressed an interest? James Cameron, maybe? He hasnt expressed an interest, I can tell you that. We previously had the great-granddaughter of the Unsinkable Molly Brown, who was on the Titanic and went around rescuing people in the lifeboats in the first World War, the U.S. Navy christened a ship after her. Weve had Bruce Ismay, who owned the White Star Line, his great-great grandson wants to be involved in the project and has given us support. Its a funny project. To go back into the past to appreciate it, to learn from it and realize that diversity is a good thing. And were slowly evolving as a race. We dont necessarily need to go to Mars to be happy. The pursuit of happiness is what we should be working for as a human civilization. That should be our top bar. And hopefully the Titanic will make a lot of people happy.

I understand what youre saying about wanting this project to be uplifting for the entire world. Has anyone ever made the argument to you that you could be spending this money in ways that more directly benefit people who are poor, unhoused, suffering in war zones? We do spend money on that. I spend millions of dollars on that more than I think you do. But one thing that you cannot take from anyone is the human spirit. And in one of these war zones, when youre down and out, youre up against it, you need to have a spirit that drives you on, something youre looking at [that shows] life can get better. That makes life worth living on this planet. The Titanic reinforces some of those values for all the world. Same as human thought, freedom of thought and things that stimulate the heart and soul are important. I dont know if that answers it. But its just as important as food. I realize Im contentious in the U.S. context.

Have you ever taken a submersible down to see the wreck of the Titanic? I wouldnt do it. No. Because from my point of view, I think thats a graveyard. And we dont want to exploit people who have died. I dont think it gets us anywhere, really. What were trying to do is to talk about life today, about people living now. Because its a pivotal time in history. I believe weve got to learn from how history repeats itself, time and again. Theres a time when humans were tested. They prevailed.

Youre talking about history repeating itself. We had this [OceanGate] submersible that went down last year, with everyone dying. Do you see a lesson in that, in trying to return to the past so directly? One thing about the Titanic was that it didnt have the safety controls that it should have. And you look at submersible, the same was true, that it didnt have the safety or certification it needed. I think its a message for all of us, that when we go into the unexpected, if were going to challenge nature, we need to do it in a responsible manner. We need to have our authorities checking these sort of things out. Their design wasnt what it should have been. If you look at James Cameron and other people who dive on the Titanic, theyre going in very safe submersibles. And, of course, why was that? [OceanGate] were trying to cut the budget and make more profit for the company. And thats the wrong thing to do.

Ive been noticing this painting over your shoulder. Can I ask what that boat is in the picture? Thats the Titanics sister ship, the Olympic. It became a hospital ship in World War II and was sunk by the Germans off the coast of Ireland. [The Olympic, originally a commercial vessel that served as a troop ship during WWI, was decommissioned in 1935. The Britannic, another sister vessel, served as a hospital ship in WWI and sank in 1916 off the coast of Greece after striking a German mine. Neither served in WWII.]

Is that story meaningful to you as well, the hospital ship? Again, its one of self-service. As I said, today youve got a lot of concerns, its going to be about the war in Ukraine, how its straining the U.S. economy. Same thing is happening in Gaza, people have a lot to be concerned about, and certainly what happened to Israel wasnt very good either. The message is weve got to realize that were all human beings. Weve all got the same needs. And basically, for me, its if youve got someone that loves you, somewhere we can sleep at night, with a good meal, the rest of its an illusion. Thats part of the message that we can send out with the Titanic. And, of course, weve also got a lot of people who make movies about Titanic that were talking to at the moment. This story is going to get bigger from here.

How many times have you seen the James Cameron movie? Ive only seen it twice. Molly Browns great-granddaughter was very grateful to him for reinvigorating it, bringing it to life. So I think hes done a great job. But it shouldnt be a competition between me and James Cameron, or someone else.

Well, I hope when Titanic II is built I can come and see it. Well have it in New York Harbor, so well reserve a position for you when it sails up the Hudson River. You can stand on the top deck and say, Wooo! King of the world!

Update March 28, 12:08am ET: This story has been updated to amend comments about the history of Titanic sister ships Olympic and Britannica.

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Billionaire Says His Long-Delayed Titanic II Ship Will Be Antidote to Woke Politics - Rolling Stone

MMR vaccine slashes antibiotic use in toddlers: Nordic study shines light on broader benefits – News-Medical.Net

March 31, 2024

In a recent study published in the journal Vaccine, a team of researchers evaluated whether the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine administered to children below the age of two after three doses of diphtheria-tetanus-acellular pertussis (DTaP) vaccine provided any non-specific beneficial effects in reducing the overall number of antibiotic treatments.

Study: Is vaccination against measles, mumps, and rubella associated with reduced rates of antibiotic treatments among children below the age of 2years? Nationwide register-based study from Denmark, Finland, Norway, and Sweden. Image Credit:Rohane Hamilton/ Shutterstock

The MMR vaccine against measles, mumps, and rubella is a live vaccine, which generally consists of attenuated forms of the viruses causing the three diseases. This vaccine is administered to children as early as nine months and is known to provide non-specific protective effects against infections other than these three diseases. Studies from high-income countries have reported that the MMR vaccine has decreased the rate of hospitalizations due to infections not targeted by the vaccine.

Compared to non-live vaccines, such as the ones used to vaccinate against diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis, the MMR vaccine seems to be more effective at preventing hospitalizations due to non-target diseases. However, most studies investigating the non-specific benefits of the MMR vaccine have focused on diseases or infections severe enough to require hospitalization.

Given that common non-severe infections during childhood are often treated with antibiotics without the need for hospitalization, and lowering the non-vital use of antibiotics is beneficial in decreasing the risk of antibiotic resistance, it is vital to understand the efficacy of the MMR vaccine in decreasing antibiotic treatment rates associated with non-specific infections.

The present study investigated whether the administration of the MMR vaccine after three doses of the DTaP vaccine was more effective in lowering the antibiotic treatment rates among children below the age of two years as compared to administering just three doses of the DTaP vaccine. This study was conducted in Denmark, Finland, Norway, and Sweden. It included birth cohorts with registered data on children up to the age of two, indicating the inclusion of pneumococcal conjugate and DTaP vaccine in the immunization programs.

The data was obtained from a project that covered sociodemographic and health data from nationwide registries of these Nordic countries. The vaccination data included the date of immunization and the type of vaccine. The information on antibiotic treatments was gathered from prescription records. Furthermore, factors such as birth weight, season of birth, delivery mode, whether the mother smoked during the pregnancy, maternal age, singleton birth, household income, education level of mother, and single parenthood were considered as covariates.

The study followed the children from the age of the recommended MMR vaccine to the age of two years. Furthermore, age was used as the underlying timescale, while vaccination status was considered the time-varying exposure in calculating the hazard ratios of antibiotic treatments.

The results showed that administration of the MMR vaccine after the third dose of the DTaP vaccine lowered the antibiotic treatment rate by 11% on average across the four Nordic countries. Norway showed the highest (16%) reduction in antibiotic use after the administration of the MMR vaccine in children below two years of age with three DTaP vaccine doses. Finland and Denmark reported a reduction of 8%, while Sweden saw a 13% reduction in antibiotic use.

The results did not vary according to the child's sex. However, the adjusted hazard ratios were found to vary significantly with time, with the non-specific beneficial effects of the MMR vaccine being higher towards the beginning of the follow-up and decreasing towards the end. The study also found that the third dose of the DTaP vaccine decreased the antibiotic treatment rates more than the second dose.

The researchers found that the difference in the results between Norway and Sweden, on the one hand, and Finland and Denmark, on the other hand, was because Norway and Sweden reported more timely and higher rates of MMR vaccinations than the other two countries.

The study also discussed potential mechanisms through which the MMR vaccine provided non-specific protection against non-severe infections. The researchers believe that the long-term reprogramming of functional immunity that occurs due to the stimulation of the innate immune system by the live viruses also triggers immune responses against other antigens or stimuli.

Overall, the findings reported that administration of the MMR vaccine in children below two years of age, after immunization with the third dose of the DTaP vaccine, significantly lowered antibiotic use by protecting against non-specific, non-severe infections. However, comparable results were observed in children who received three doses of the DTaP vaccine alone, indicating the need for further studies to better understand the non-specific effects of MMR vaccines.

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MMR vaccine slashes antibiotic use in toddlers: Nordic study shines light on broader benefits - News-Medical.Net

ASCO Updates Vaccination Guidelines for Patients With Cancer – www.oncnursingnews.com/

March 31, 2024

ASCO Updates Vaccination Guidelines for Patients With Cancer

The American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) published an updated guideline, which recommends certain vaccinations for patients with cancerboth solid and hematologic malignanciesto address their increased infection risks.1

For adult patients of all ages, the guideline recommends:

For patients aged 60 or older, the guideline recommends:

We want to document vaccination status at the first patient visit and provide recommended vaccines that might be needed as quickly as possible within the parameters of optimal oncology carerecognizing that we do not want to impede or impinge upon care, said Elise C. Kohn, MD, of the Cancer Therapy Evaluation Program at the National Cancer Institute, and guideline cochair, in a press release.2These vaccinations have very limited if no potential harm, but the potential benefits are significant.

Further, patients aged 19 to 26 are eligible for 3 doses of the HPV vaccine. The guidelines advise shared decision making for patients 27 to 45 when considering the HPV vaccine.1

For patients undergoing chemotherapy, immunotherapy, hormonal treatment, radiation, or surgery, ASCO notes that vaccinations should precede planned cancer treatment by 2 to 4 weeks; however, it is safe for these patients to receive inactivated vaccines during or after treatment.

ASCO has additional recommendations for patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), CD19 chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy, or B-cell depleting therapy.

According to ASCO, patients receiving HSCT should undergo complete revaccination 6 to 12 months following HSCT, and live attenuated vaccines should be delayed for at least 2 years. Patients should only receive live attenuated vaccines if there is no presence of graft-vs-host disease or immunosuppression. COVID-19, influenza, and pneumococcal vaccines can be administered by 3 months posttransplant.

Patients undergoing CAR T-cell therapy can receive influenza and COVID-19 vaccines as early as 3 months after therapy is complete, and inactivated vaccines can be administered 6 months after treatment. However, ASCO notes that the evidence quality for this recommendation is very low, and the recommendation is weak.

Notably, COVID-19 is the only revaccination required for patients undergoing B-cell depletion therapy. It can be administered as early as 6 months after treatment.

ASCO adds that all household members who have close contact with patients with cancer should be fully up to date on vaccinations when feasible.

ASCO recommends that patients who are traveling outside the US follow the CDC standard recommendations for the destination. The organization notes that hepatitis A, intramuscular typhoid, inactivated polio, hepatitis B, rabies, meningococcal, and inactivated Japanese encephalitis vaccines are safe to receive.

Long-term survivors of hematologic malignancies with or without active disease who have B-cell dysfunction, hypogammaglobulinemia, or B-cell lineage malignancies, should still receive the recommended inactivated vaccines; however, ASCO notes that patients responses may be attenuated.

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ASCO Updates Vaccination Guidelines for Patients With Cancer - http://www.oncnursingnews.com/

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Peg-IFN combined with hepatitis B vaccination contributes to HBsAg seroconversion and improved immune function ... - Virology Journal

CSRWire – How We Can Strengthen Vaccination Programs and Build Vaccine Confidence Together – CSRwire.com

March 31, 2024

Published 03-29-24

Submitted by Merck & Co., Inc.

Vaccines are one of the most significant public health achievements in modern history, playing a vital role in helping to prevent certain infectious diseases and protect communities across the globe.

Unfortunately, the COVID-19 pandemic brought forth a new set of challenges in sustaining vaccination efforts for other preventable diseases highlighting existing disparities and inequalities in access to health care and underscoring the urgent need for action.

In two op-eds for Devex, an independent news organization covering global development, Drew Otoo, Pharm.D., president of global vaccines, Merck, and Alfred Saah, M.D., executive director of scientific affairs, Merck, highlighted some of the ways the company is working to address these challenges at the global, national and local levels.

Collaborating to help increase health equity

Otoo said collaboration across sectors is key to building trust, enabling equity and establishing stronger, more resilient vaccination programs.

Now more than ever, we have an opportunity to evaluate and strengthen our approach Together, we can help create a more equitable future where vaccines are available to and accepted by all who can benefit from them.

Drew Otoo, Pharm.D. President of global vaccines, Merck

Otoo shared examples of Merck's work with local and global stakeholders to develop tailored approaches to improve vaccine confidence and supply vaccines for communities that might otherwise be without them:

Combating vaccine hesitancy and building trust

Saah emphasized Merck's commitment to addressing vaccine hesitancy (the reluctance or refusal to vaccinate despite the availability of vaccines) and building confidence at local, national and global levels.

By understanding the knowledge gaps and prioritizing strategies that strengthen how we communicatewe can potentially combat vaccine hesitancy, improve vaccine confidence and make a difference in global public health.

Alfred Saah, M.D. Executive director of scientific affairs, Merck

Despite the well-documented benefits of vaccines, hesitancy is a longstanding public health issue that can result in under-vaccination and global disease outbreaks. The reasons behind vaccine hesitancy are often connected to the 3Cs Model, defined by a World Health Organization strategic advisory group:

Saah shared some of Merck's efforts to improve vaccine confidence, which include:

Continuing to improve vaccine access

Despite the challenges ahead, both Saah and Otoo are optimistic about the future.

Combating vaccine hesitancy is not an easy feat and has been a challenge our global society has faced for centuries, wrote Saah. However, these challenges bring new opportunities to improve our approach and be better advocates for ourselves, our families and our communities.

By going where the need exists and continuing to invest in innovative, strategic and diverse collaborations, I'm confident we'll find new ways to solve complex public health problems.

Drew Otoo

Learn more about how collaborations can help yield stronger vaccination programs.

View original content here.

At Merck, known as MSD outside of the United States and Canada, we are unified around our purpose: We use the power of leading-edge science to save and improve lives around the world. For more than 130 years, we have brought hope to humanity through the development of important medicines and vaccines. We aspire to be the premier research-intensive biopharmaceutical company in the world and today, we are at the forefront of research to deliver innovative health solutions that advance the prevention and treatment of diseases in people and animals. We foster a diverse and inclusive global workforce and operate responsibly every day to enable a safe, sustainable and healthy future for all people and communities. For more information, visitwww.merck.comand connect with us onTwitter,Facebook,Instagram,YouTubeandLinkedIn.

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CSRWire - How We Can Strengthen Vaccination Programs and Build Vaccine Confidence Together - CSRwire.com

W.Va. Gov. Jim Justice vetoes vaccine exemption bill – WCHS

March 31, 2024

W.Va. Gov. Jim Justice vetoes vaccine exemption bill

Organizations who put forth a petition for the veto that garnered more than 3,600 signatures. (WCHS){p}{/p}

CHARLESTON, W.Va. (WCHS)

West Virginia Gov. Jim Justice said it was the "overwhelming" opposition from medical professionals that convinced him to veto the controversial vaccine exemption bill Wednesday.

House Bill 5105, a bill passed both the House and Senate in the 2024 regular session, would have allowed private and parochial schools to create their own vaccine policies. It also would have exempted public virtual school students from state requirements for childhood immunizations.

Hours before the midnight deadline on Wednesday, Justice announced his veto.

"The overwhelming majority that have voiced their opinion believe that this legislation will do irreparable harm by crippling childhood immunity to diseases such as mumps and measles," Justice said in a statement. "West Virginia historically has seen very few instances of these diseases, specifically because the vaccination requirements in this state are so strong."

Justice received a wave of opposition to the bill including a petition that was delivered to him last week by several medical and educational groups that had more than 3,600 signatures.

Tiffany Gale heads the West Virginia Women's Alliance, which was one of the organizations who signed on.

"While yes, we absolutely support personal freedom, when that freedom can harm others especially young children, we really have to take into consideration the effect that it's going to have," Gale said.

Dr. Lisa Costello, a pediatrician in Morgantown and the immediate past president of the West Virginia Chapter of the American Academy of Pediatrics, praised the governor's veto Wednesday evening.

"As a pediatrician and a mother of a toddler who is going to be starting Catholic school this fall, I am so grateful that Gov. Justice vetoed House Bill 5105 because that means that our communities and children will be protected and we will able to remain a national leader in school immunization policies," Costello said.

Those who supported the bill, including the majority of senators and delegates and groups such as West Virginians for Health Freedom, argued that this was a matter of parental rights and freedom. West Virginians for Health Freedom sent in a letter to the governor to urge support.

In his release, Justice said he understood all opinions but must side with the medical experts on this.

West Virginia is way ahead of the pack in protecting our children from preventable diseases like the measles, and in this matter, I will defer to our licensed medical professionals who have come forward overwhelmingly to say this bill could and likely would result in reduced immunity and harm to West Virginias kids," he said.

The Legislature does have the power to override a veto, but House of Delegates spokesperson Ann Ali said once they adjourn the regular session, both bodies are limited on what they can do. Even if they are called back in for a special session, lawmakers would only be able to take up what is on the governor's call list.

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NSW may end its COVID vaccine mandate for health workers. That doesn’t mean it was a bad idea in the first place – The Conversation

March 31, 2024

Months after COVID vaccines were introduced in 2021, governments and private organisations mandated them for various groups. Health and aged care workers were among the first to need two doses to keep their jobs.

State and territory governments subsequently implemented employment and public space mandates which required people to show proof of vaccination to enter hospitality venues and events. A constellation of private companies also required vaccines for their workers or patrons.

Vaccine mandates receive considerable attention when theyre introduced. For COVID vaccine mandates, policymakers offered reasoning including protecting the vulnerable, safeguarding health systems, and making it possible to open state borders and lift internal restrictions. Experts and the public sometimes debated the merits of these policies, but the reasons behind them were relatively clear.

By contrast, the removal of vaccine mandates often appears haphazard. Less is known about how or why it happens, or how it should be done.

However, mandate removal may have just as much of an influence on peoples future attitudes and behaviour as mandate imposition. As New South Wales considers removing its COVID vaccine mandate for health-care workers, its pertinent to explore how to abolish a vaccine mandate in the right way.

Many COVID vaccine mandates terminated when state governments stopped classifying the pandemic as an emergency. The mandates which remained in place covered workers in high-risk settings, but even some of these have since ended.

Queensland and Western Australia removed their COVID vaccine requirements for health workers in 2023, and this week NSW announced its considering doing the same.

This is good news. Governments should treat vaccine mandates like other health policies and review them regularly in the context of changing evidence. Some criteria governments should think about when implementing or removing vaccine mandates include:

Disease burden in the community

Governments should consider the rate of severe illness and availability of treatment options and hospital resources. In the case of COVID, the general population has developed high levels of hybrid immunity from vaccination and infection.

Read more: Queensland ruling doesn't mean all COVID vaccine mandates were flawed. Here's why

Population vulnerability

Health-care workers are more likely to be exposed to disease, and they may transmit it to patients who are at high risk of serious outcomes. This is why NSW and some other states require staff in health or aged care to get flu vaccines each year.

Vaccine effectiveness

It matters how well the mandated vaccine prevents severe disease in people who are vaccinated, which COVID vaccines do well. But whether they reduce transmission to others is also relevant. Importantly, COVID vaccination reduces but does not prevent disease transmission. Outside an emergency situation, this weakens the argument for mandating vaccination.

Another good reason to revisit NSWs current two-dose mandate for health workers is the fact its obviously outdated. Although some other states and territories have required one booster, this did not have to be regular or recent.

Having received two or three doses of the vaccine, often much earlier in the pandemic, is unlikely to offer protection against infection today. Most people vaccinated or not have now also developed some immunity through infection.

Since these policies dont reflect current evidence or recommendations, leaving them in place could actually be damaging. It may erode trust and confidence in the health system and government, both for health-care workers and the public.

While its important to review these policies in changing contexts, theres a risk vaccine or mandate opponents will use this opportunity to claim mandates were never necessary.

No COVID decisions were perfect, and we should evaluate pandemic decision-making across a range of measures. But the circumstances and justifications for introducing mandates were very different from today. This distinction should be kept in mind when communicating changes in mandate policy.

For NSW and any other jurisdictions considering removing mandates, first, they should consult meaningfully with the community to drive decision-making and communication. This includes engaging with those who are subject to the mandate and those indirectly affected by it.

We applaud NSW Health for consulting with health workforce stakeholders. However, they havent described consulting with patients or vulnerable groups, who may worry mandate removal exposes them to untenable risk from their health-care providers. Its important to prepare a communication strategy for this group, too.

Transparency is key to maintaining trust in public health officials. When a decision is made to alter or remove a mandate, we recommend transparently explaining the decision and the data that informed it. For communicating about mandate removal, spokespeople could provide clear, simple data that compares the burden of disease or immunity rates at the time of implementation versus now.

Its also crucial any announcement about mandate removal makes clear that vaccination is still recommended. NSW Chief Health Officer Kerry Chant framed the early messaging well, saying NSW Health would continue to strongly recommend employees stay up-to-date with their COVID vaccinations.

Finally, governments should provide clear and accessible legal and health guidance to private companies. These employers may still have mandatory vaccination policies in place, and need support on how best to consider or announce their removal.

Read more: Unintended consequences of NZ's COVID vaccine mandates must inform future pandemic policy new research

The abolition of COVID vaccine mandates is an important milestone in our journey out of the pandemic. At the same time, it means governments need to ensure high voluntary vaccine uptake.

This requires funding, efficient service delivery, support for health-care workers who administer vaccines, and persuasive public health campaigns. When governments manage mandate removal well, they make it easier for themselves to continue to protect the public against disease.

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NSW may end its COVID vaccine mandate for health workers. That doesn't mean it was a bad idea in the first place - The Conversation

Tuberculosis vaccine may enable elimination of the disease in cattle by reducing its spread – Phys.org

March 31, 2024

This article has been reviewed according to ScienceX's editorial process and policies. Editors have highlighted the following attributes while ensuring the content's credibility:

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Vaccination not only reduces the severity of TB in infected cattle, but reduces its spread in dairy herds by 89%, research finds. The research, led by the University of Cambridge and Penn State University, improves prospects for the elimination and control of bovine tuberculosis (TB), an infectious disease of cattle that results in large economic costs and health impacts across the world. The study is published in the journal Science.

This is the first study to show that BCG-vaccinated cattle infected with TB are substantially less infectious to other cattle. This remarkable indirect effect of the vaccine beyond its direct protective effect has not been measured before.

The spillover of infection from livestock has been estimated to account for about 10% of human tuberculosis cases. While such zoonotic TB (zTB) infections are most commonly associated with gastrointestinal infections related to drinking contaminated milk, zTB can also cause chronic lung infections in humans. Lung disease caused by zTB can be indistinguishable from regular tuberculosis, but is more difficult to treat due to natural antibiotic resistance in the cattle bacteria.

TB remains endemic in many countries around the world, including in Europe and the Americas, where its control costs farmers and taxpayers hundreds of millions of dollars each year.

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In the study, carried out in Ethiopia, researchers examined the ability of the vaccine, Bacillus Calmette-Gurin (BCG), to directly protect cattle that receive it, as well as to indirectly protect both vaccinated and unvaccinated cattle by reducing TB transmission. Vaccinated and unvaccinated animals were put into enclosures with naturally infected animals, in a novel crossover design performed over two years.

"Our study found that BCG vaccination reduces TB transmission in cattle by almost 90%. Vaccinated cows also developed significantly fewer visible signs of TB than unvaccinated ones. This suggests that the vaccination not only reduces the progression of the disease, but that if vaccinated animals become infected, they are substantially less infectious to others," said Andrew Conlan, Associate Professor of Epidemiology at the University of Cambridge's Department of Veterinary Medicine and a corresponding author of the study.

Using livestock census and movement data from Ethiopia, the team developed a transmission model to explore the potential for routine vaccination to control bovine tuberculosis.

"Results of the model suggest that vaccinating calves within the dairy sector of Ethiopia could reduce the reproduction number of the bacteriumthe R0to below 1, arresting the projected increase in the burden of disease and putting herds on a pathway towards elimination of TB," Conlan said.

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The team focused their studies in Ethiopia, a country with the largest cattle herd in Africa and a rapidly growing dairy sector that has a growing burden of bovine tuberculosis and no current control program, as a representative of similarly situated transitional economies.

"Bovine tuberculosis is largely uncontrolled in low- and middle-income countries, including Ethiopia," said Abebe Fromsa, associate professor of agriculture and veterinary medicine at Addis Ababa University in Ethiopia and the study's co-lead author. "Vaccination of cattle has the potential to provide significant benefits in these regions."

"For over a hundred years, programs to eliminate bovine tuberculosis have relied on intensive testing and slaughtering of infected animals," said Vivek Kapur, professor of microbiology and infectious diseases and Huck Distinguished Chair in Global Health at Penn State and a corresponding author of the study.

He added, "This approach is unimplementable in many parts of the world for economic and social reasons, resulting in considerable animal suffering and economic losses from lost productivity, alongside an increased risk of spillover of infection to humans. By vaccinating cattle, we hope to be able to protect both cattle and humans from the consequences of this devastating disease."

Professor James Wood, Alborada Professor of Equine and Farm Animal Science in the University of Cambridge's Department of Veterinary Medicine, noted that despite TB being more prevalent in lower-income countries, the United Kingdom, Ireland and New Zealand also experience considerable economic pressures from the disease which continues to persist despite intensive and costly control programs.

Wood said, "For over 20 years the UK government has pinned hopes on cattle vaccination for bovine tuberculosis as a solution to reduce the disease and the consequent costs of the controls. These results provide important support for the epidemiological benefit that cattle vaccination could have to reduce rates of transmission to and within herds."

More information: Abebe Fromsa et al, BCG vaccination reduces bovine tuberculosis transmission, improving prospects for elimination, Science (2024). DOI: 10.1126/science.adl3962. http://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adl3962

Journal information: Science

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Tuberculosis vaccine may enable elimination of the disease in cattle by reducing its spread - Phys.org

Kentucky bill would ban mandatory Covid-19 vaccinations for work, study, or healthcare – WKRC TV Cincinnati

March 31, 2024

Kentucky bill would ban mandatory Covid-19 vaccinations for work, study, or healthcare

by Christian Hauser, WKRC

(CBS Newspath, CNN Newsource, file)

FRANKFORT, Ky. (WKRC)- Kentucky Senate Bill 295 states that the Covid-19 vaccine cannot be required for anyone to be a student or participate in any extra-curricular activities, you can't be required to get the vaccine for a job or to maintain a professional license, and that you can't be required to get it to receive health care services.

For example, a doctor couldn't refuse to treat you if you didn't get a vaccine.

(WKRC,%20CBS%20Newspath,%20CNN%20Newsource,%20KET)

State Sen. Lindsey Tichenor (R)-Smithfield sponsored the bill. Tichenor said that people shouldn't be forced to get vaccinated if they don't want to. She said that an employer, for instance, shouldn't be able to dictate your health decisions.

However, the CDC and FDA stated that what Tichenor claims is misleading.

Hamilton County Medical Director Dr. Steve Feagins said that the reporting system is used to see if there's any correlation between an adverse event and the vaccine.

"It's for everybody, not just for clinicians, or pharmacists. It's for everybody, for anything that happens, that may or may not be related to a vaccine. It may not even be related in time to receiving a vaccine," Hamilton County Medical Director Dr. Steve Feagins said.

The VAERS website clearly states that just because there's a report of a bad reaction or death, doesn't mean the vaccine caused the event.

This bill doesn't just prohibit requirements around the current vaccine, it would ban any future Covid vaccine requirements in the future.

"We have no understanding guys, of what this virus is going to look like two years from now, what it's going to look like 10 years from now, and to say under no circumstances can we require even healthcare professionals [to be vaccinated?] It's a danger to our patients if we go in there with communicable diseases," State Sen. Karen Berg (D)-Louisville said.

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Kentucky bill would ban mandatory Covid-19 vaccinations for work, study, or healthcare - WKRC TV Cincinnati

BCG vaccine to prevent tuberculosis not linked to MS risk: Study – Multiple Sclerosis News Today

March 31, 2024

Getting the Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccine to protect against tuberculosis (TB) or having latent (inactive) TB in young adulthood arent linked to the risk of developing multiple sclerosis (MS), a Norwegian study found.

The study, BCG vaccination and multiple sclerosis risk: A Norwegian cohort study, was published in the Multiple Sclerosis Journal.

MS is an automminue disease that occurs when the immune system mistakenly attacks the myelin sheath, a protective coating around nerve fibers that helps them send signals more efficiently. The loss of myelin leads to progressive nerve fiber degeneration and a range of MS symptoms.

Although generally not recommended for use in the U.S., the BCG vaccine is one of the most widely used vaccines worldwide.

BCG, an attenuated strain of the bacterium Mycobacterium bovis, has been reported to have persistent effects on the immune system that may be relevant to treating or preventing autoimmune diseases. In the U.S., its considered only for people who meet specific criteria and in consultation with a TB expert, the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention says on its website.

The studys objective was to examine if BCG given in early adulthood decreases MS risk, the researchers wrote. A relationship between vaccinations and the risk of developing multiple sclerosis (MS) has not been firmly established, they wrote.

The scientists analyzed data from a population-based Norwegian TB screening program that took place from 1963 to 1975. The program involved 791,369 individuals, 52% of them women, with a mean age at TB screening of 26.2 years. Some 89% had received the BCG vaccine, at a mean age of 15.6 years.

MS cases were found through the Norwegian MS Registry and Biobank, which started in 2001, and the Norwegian Cause of Death Registry.

A total of 2,862 MS cases, 65% of which were in women, were retrieved. The researchers found no association between MS risk and BCG vaccination, with no differences in the risk of developing MS between BCG-vaccinated individuals and nonvaccinated participants with no signs of TB infection.

The scientists then compared individuals born between 1920 and 1939 to those born between 1940 and 1959. Although the group born in the first period had a lower proportion of vaccinated individuals, fewer MS cases identified with symptom onset, and older age at vaccination, no clear association with MS risk was seen in any birth cohort category, the researchers wrote.

Because they wanted to exclude MS cases with disease onset before BCG vaccination, the team then restricted the vaccinated group to individuals who were vaccinated before age 18. Results were not substantially different.

Neither those BCG vaccinated nor those infected naturally with Mycobacterium tuberculosis differed from the non-vaccinated and uninfected population in terms of MS risk, the researchers wrote.

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BCG vaccine to prevent tuberculosis not linked to MS risk: Study - Multiple Sclerosis News Today

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