Category: Vaccine

Nearly a third of patients with advanced liver cancer who received a personalized vaccine developed by Geneos Therapeutics along with an immunotherapy drug in a small, early trial saw their tumors shrink, U.S. researchers reported on Sunday.

The result was roughly twice the response typically seen with the immunotherapy alone, the researchers said.

Findings from the preliminary study, presented at the American Association for Cancer Research in San Diego and published in Nature Medicine, suggests that vaccines based on mutations only present in a patients tumor may boost the immune systems ability to recognize and attack hard-to-treat cancers.

The findings, which must be confirmed in a larger trial, moves the industry another step closer to effective cancer vaccines, after many past failures, and may expand the types of cancers that such therapies can treat.

Partners Moderna and Merck and Co and others have had promising results combining customized vaccines with immunotherapy to prevent skin cancer from returning in patients following surgery.

For the study, researchers used samples from patients tumors to build vaccines based on neoantigens - new mutations only present on an individual patients tumor. The goal was to train the immune system to attack and kill only these unique proteins, leaving healthy tissue unscathed.

Unlike skin cancer, which has many mutations for the body to recognize, liver cancer is considered a cold cancer because it contains fewer mutations, which has rendered immunotherapies less effective.

This vaccine essentially educates the immune system to recognize antigens that its ignored, said study leader Dr. Mark Yarchoan of Johns Hopkins Kimmel Cancer Center.

The study involved 36 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma, the most common form of liver cancer. Patients were given custom-made vaccines on top of Mercks widely used immunotherapy Keytruda, the standard of care at the time.

Nearly a third of the patients treated with the combination therapy (30.1%) experienced tumor shrinkage, with three of those subjects having a complete response, meaning no detectable signs of the tumor remaining after a median follow-up of 21.5 months.

That compares with the typical response of about 12% to 18% in patients with liver cancer who receive immunotherapy alone.

This certainly suggested that the vaccine actually added clinical efficacy, Yarchoan said.

The most common adverse effect was mild injection site reactions. There were no serious adverse events.

Unlike many vaccine candidates based on messenger RNA (mRNA) technology, the Geneos treatment is a DNA vaccine in which the genetic code of the mutated proteins is injected into cells using a small electrical impulse. Each vaccine can target up to 40 mutated genes.

Yarchoan said larger trials are being planned, but declined to provide details.

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Geneos cancer vaccine shrinks liver tumors in small trial - The Globe and Mail

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Recurring urinary tract infections (UTIs) can be prevented for up to nine years with an oral spray vaccine, a breakthrough British trial has found.

The painful bacterial infection is experienced by half of all women and one in five men, and can be particularly dangerous for older people. Symptoms include a burning sensation when you urinate or needing to go to the toilet more often than usual.

Recurrent infections develop in 20 to 30 per cent of cases and require short-term antibiotic treatment. However, these drugs are becoming less effective as antibiotic-resistant infections are on the rise.

In a long-running trial conducted by clinicians at the UKs Royal Berkshire Hospital, 89 patients were asked to spray the pineapple-flavoured vaccine under the tongue every day for three months, and then followed up the patients for nine years.

In both men and women with recurrent UTIs, over half (54 per cent) remained UTI-free for nine years after the vaccine, with no notable side effects reported.

The average infection-free period across the cohort was 54.7 months (four and a half years) 56.7 months for women and 44.3 months, one year less, for men. Forty per cent of the trial participants reported having second doses of the vaccine after one or two years.

Dr Bob Yang, consultant urologist at the Royal Berkshire NHS Foundation Trust, who co-led the research, said: Before having the vaccine, all our participants suffered from recurrent UTIs, and for many women, these can be difficult to treat.

Nine years after first receiving this new UTI vaccine, around half of the participants remained infection-free.

Overall, this vaccine is safe in the long term and our participants reported having fewer UTIs that were less severe. Many of those who did get a UTI told us that simply drinking plenty of water was enough to treat it.

Many of our participants told us that having the vaccine restored their quality of life.

The vaccine was developed by Spain-based pharmaceutical company Immunotek. The MV140 contains four bacterial species in a suspension of water. It is available off-license in 26 countries.

The research was presented this weekend at the European Association of Urology (EAU) Congress in Paris.

The new results are expected to be passed to the Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency (MHRA) before the vaccine can be passed on for use on the NHS.

Gernot Bonkat, chairman of the EAU Guidelines on Urological Infections, said: These findings are promising. Recurrent UTIs are a substantial economic burden and the overuse of antibiotic treatments can lead to antibiotic-resistant infections.

This follow-up study reveals encouraging data about the long-term safety and effectiveness of the MV140 vaccine.

While we need to be pragmatic, this vaccine is a potential breakthrough in preventing UTIs and could offer a safe and effective alternative to conventional treatments.

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'Groundbreaking' UTI vaccine could stop infections for nine years - The Independent

Three years after receiving BioNTechs cancer vaccine in a phase 1 trial, patients with a difficult-to-treat type of pancreatic cancer continue to have T-cell responses.

Meanwhile, the German mRNA company is enrolling a phase 2 test of the therapy, autogene cevumeran, in the same disease, resected pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC).

PDAC has a five-year overall survival rate of about 8% to 10% and recurrence rates as high as 80% after surgery. BioNTech and partner Genentech are hoping to provide another option for patients who have few with autogene cevumeran (also known as BNT122 and RO7198457). The med is an mRNA-based individualized neoantigen-specific immunotherapy.

The long-term follow-up data from the early-stage trial show that eight out of 16 patients continue to enjoy an immune response up to three years after administration, as measured by activated T cells. Persistence of these T cells was associated with a longer median recurrence-free survival in those who received the vaccine, BioNTech said. The results were showcased at the American Association for Cancer Research annual meeting on April 7.

The company also said that 98% of the T cells that were detected were not there before the treatment was administered. In those who achieved an immune response, over 80% of the T cells could still be detected at the three-year follow-up point. The patients had prolonged median recurrence-free survival compared to those who did not respond.

Six out of eight of the responding patients were disease free at the three-yearpoint, while seven out of eight patients without an immune response to the treatment showed tumor recurrence.

So half of the 16 patients in the phase 1 trial had the response in the first place, while half did not.

These new data are an early signal for the potential of our individualized mRNA cancer vaccine approach in this indication with an unmet medical need, zlem Treci, M.D., BioNTechs chief medical officer, said. The results indicate that our uridine mRNA-LPX technology can promote activation of cytotoxic T cells that may help to eliminate residual tumor foci at early stages of the disease to delay or prevent recurrence.

Genentech and BioNTech are running the midstage test to confirm the findings in the phase 1 trial, according to Treci.

Recruitment is ongoing for that study, which began in October 2023. Autogene cevumeran will be combined with Genentechs PD-L1 immune checkpoint inhibitor Tecentriq and chemotherapy compared with the standard-of-care chemotherapy.

Elsewhere, the cancer vaccine is being tested in three phase 2 tests in melanoma and as an add-on treatment for colorectal cancer.

BioNTech and Roches Genentech began working together in 2016 in a deal worth $310 million in upfront and near-term payments to use the German biotechs cancer vaccine platform.

BioNTech is slightly behind chief competitor Moderna, which is working with Merck & Co. to develop the phase 3 cancer vaccinemRNA-4157 as an add-on treatment for high-risk melanoma. The companies also began pursuing earlier studies in lung cancer last year.

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AACR 24: BioNTech cancer vax spurs immune response 3 years in - Fierce Biotech

An oral spray vaccine against recurrent urinary tract infections (UTIs) prevented the condition from returning for up to nine years in more than half of study participants, new research has shown. It offers a safe, effective method of UTI prevention and an alternative to antibiotic treatment.

UTIs are a pain literally, a burning pain. Other symptoms, such as a strong urge to urinate that doesnt go away, frequent urination, and a feeling of fullness even after urinating, are bad enough but made worse when the infection returns months later and keeps returning.

Recurrent UTIs defined as three or more UTIs in 12 months occur in 20% to 30% of cases. Women are affected more than men simply because of their anatomy, with 80-85% of infections caused by the bacteria Escherichia coli. Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus vulgaris, and Enterococcus faecalis are other culprits. For this reason, antibiotics are often the first-line treatment. However, with the rise in antibiotic resistance, theres a pressing need to find an effective alternative.

Thats where MV140, a new vaccine to treat recurrent UTIs in women and men, comes in. Sold as Uromune, the vaccine is made from inactivated versions of the four bugs listed above, stimulating the immune system to generate long-term protection against UTIs. And, best of all, its not an injection; its a pineapple-flavored spray thats delivered under the tongue each day for three months. A recent study led by clinicians at the UKs Royal Berkshire Hospital has demonstrated that it can be effective for up to nine years.

Before having the vaccine, all our participants suffered from recurrent UTIs, and for many women, these can be difficult to treat, said Bob Yang, consultant urologist at the Royal Berkshire NHS Foundation Trust who co-led the research. Nine years after first receiving this new UTI vaccine, around half of the participants remained infection-free. Overall, this vaccine is safe in the long-term and our participants reported having fewer UTIs that were less severe. Many of those who did get a UTI told us that simply drinking plenty of water was enough to treat it.

The current study followed up on the first trial to use Uromune to treat women with recurrent UTIs, the results of which were published in the British Journal of Urology (BJU) International. In that study, of the 75 women who completed treatment, 78% had no subsequent UTIs in the 12-month follow-up period. Now, nine years later, a follow-up study, including 72 women and 17 men, investigated the long-term effectiveness of the treatment.

Forty-eight (54%) participants remained completely free of UTIs during the nine-year follow-up period. The average time participants remained UTI-free was 56.7 months for women and 44.3 months for men, which is more than 4.5 years and more than 3.5 years, respectively. Some 40% of participants reported having repeat vaccine doses one or two years after the initial treatment.

This is a very easy vaccine to administer and could be given by GPs as a three-month course, Yang said. Many of our participants told us that having the vaccine restored their quality of life. While were yet to look at the effect of this vaccine in different patient groups, this follow-up data suggests it could be a game changer for UTI prevention if its offered widely, reducing the need for antibiotic treatments.

Uromune is available under special access programs in 26 countries, including Australia, Canada, New Zealand, and the UK. A 2023 review of five studies into the effectiveness of MV140/Uromune found that it safely prevented or reduced the risk of UTIs in women, reduced antibiotic use, and reduced healthcare expenditure by 50% per patient per year.

The findings were presented at the 39th Annual European Association of Urology (EAU) Congress in Paris in early April. The researchers expect the study's full results to be published in a peer-reviewed journal by the end of the year.

Source: EAU via Scimex

Excerpt from:

Recurrent UTIs banished for up to nine years by simple oral spray - New Atlas

Madrid (Precision Vaccinations News)

A recent study presented at the European Association of Urology Congress shared the initial findings of the first long-term follow-up study on the safety and effectiveness of the Uromune (MV140) inactivate vaccine for recurrent Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs).

The results, announced on April 6, 2024, indicate that 54% of study participants, including men and women with recurrent UTIs, remained UTI-free for nine years after receiving the vaccine.

Furthermore, no notable side effects were reported.

MV140 is administered with two sprays of a pineapple-flavored suspension under the tongue every day for three months. It contains four bacterial species:whole-cell inactivated bacteria,Escherichia coli, Klebsiellapneumoniae,Proteus vulgaris,andEnterococcus faecalis.

While researchers have previously studied MV140's short-term safety and effectiveness, this is the first long-term follow-up study to report globally.

The study was carried out by clinicians at the UK's Royal Berkshire Hospital and included 89 patients initially treated at The Urology Partnership Reading.

Dr Bob Yang, Consultant Urologist at the Royal Berkshire NHS Foundation Trust, who co-led the research, commented ina press release, "Before having the vaccine, all our participants suffered from recurrent UTIs, and for many women, these can be difficult to treat. Around half of the participants remained infection-free nine years after first receiving this new UTI vaccine."

"Overall, this vaccine is safe in the long term, and our participants reported having fewer, less severe UTIs. Many of those who got a UTI told us that drinking plenty of water was enough to treat it."

"This is a very easy vaccine to administer and could be given by GPs as a 3-month course. Many of our participants told us that having the vaccine restored their quality of life. While we're yet to look at the effect of this vaccine in different patient groups, this follow-up data suggests it could be a game changer for UTI prevention if it's offered widely, reducing the need for antibiotic treatments."

According to the U.S. CDC, UTIs are the most common bacterial infection, experienced by half of all women and various older men.

Recurrent infections, needing short-term antibiotic treatment, develop upto 30%of cases.

These researchers wrote that as antibiotic-resistant UTIs increase and drugs become less effective, new ways of preventing and treating these infections are needed.

For their nine-year follow-up study, the researchers analyzed data from the electronic health records of their original 2017 cohort.

Forty-eight participants remained entirely infection-free during the nine-year follow-up.

The average infection-free period across the cohort was 54.7 months, 56.7 months for women, and 44.3 months, one year less, for men.

And 40% of participants reported having repeat vaccine doses after one or two years.

Developed by the Madrid-based Immunotek S.L.,MV140 was tested in 2012 and is now available off-license in about 26 countries, but not the United States.

Read more here:

After Nine Years, Oral Spray UTI Vaccine Remains Highly Effective - Precision Vaccinations

Dont say we didnt warn you. Pediatricians and public health officials have sounded the alarm on declining vaccination rates and the return of the diseases they prevent for more than two decades. Measles, a once-controlled illness, is now present in 17 states.

Recently released data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention show that the United States is on pace for about 400 measles cases this year. (There have been nine cases in Floridas Broward County this year, largely linked to local spread among kids at Manatee Bay Elementary.) The national number will surpass the total number of cases in the last four years. Not since the 2019 outbreak in New York (more than 1,200 cases) or the 2014 outbreak at Disneyland in California have more children been infected. Together, these three outbreaks threaten Americas status as a measles-free nation.

Cases of whooping cough, another vaccine-preventable disease, are also rising, with double the number of cases last year than in 2022.

The newest resurgence of measles, the third major outbreak in a decade, is a troubling indicator of the erosion of vaccine acceptance and uptake in our society. It is the expected outcome of what pediatricians like myself face every day a growing and more entrenched group of parents staunchly opposed to childhood immunizations. Only 90.6% of Florida kindergartners were vaccinated for measles before they started school, a drop of 3 percentage points compared to 2016, and worrisome for a disease so contagious that over 95% of the population must be immunized to prevent disease spread.

Even for premature babies, who are at highest risk for hospitalization and death from these illnesses, counseling parents about the importance of vaccination is an uphill climb.

Despite the availability of safe and effective vaccines, measles outbreaks have reemerged in various parts of the country, magnified by factors such as misinformation, complacency and pockets of under-vaccinated populations. Though public health and immunology are sciences rigorously taught in medical school, politicians have replaced professors, fueling public vaccine hesitancy for political gain. A study by the Kaiser Family Foundation found the percentage of Republicans who believe they should decide if their children are vaccinated even if failing to do so harms other children more than doubled to 44% in the last five years.

High vaccination rates are a team sport. They require legions of physicians and health workers providing immunizations to kids and strong regulations that reinforce the importance of vaccination. Unfortunately, state policies are moving us backward. Last year, a court in Mississippi ordered the state to allow parents to decline immunization based on religion even though no major religion forbids immunization. This ruling reversed what had been the states greatest public health achievement of vaccination rates among the highest in the nation.

To prevent the next measles outbreak, we must de-politicize immunizations, invest in national programs that support public health and push for state-based policies that limit exemptions from state immunization requirements.

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In addition to West Virginia, only New York, California, Maine and Connecticut allow medical exemptions from school vaccination rules. Unsurprisingly, these states surpass the national average in measles vaccination rates. Despite unequivocal support from medical groups and hospitals, these laws are hard to pass. I was frequently in the state capitol when New York passed its new rules on immunization exemptions during the 2019 measles outbreak.

Debates about these regulations need to move away from a focus on individual rights and be re-centered on the needs of the growing number of immunocompromised children who rely on the immunity of the population for protection. The image of the angry parent screaming about infringements on personal freedom needs to be replaced with the child cancer patients who will get gravely ill if their class is under-immunized.

Nationally, we must invest more in our public health infrastructure. County health departments, which provide free immunizations to low-income children and track cases of vaccine-preventable disease, have been under-funded for decades. In his budget earlier this year, President Joe Biden requested almost $3 billion in funds to strengthen immunization and education programs at the CDC. Both the House of Representatives and the Senate removed the extra financial support.

Further, the president also recommended creating a national vaccine program for low-income adults. Modeled on the 25-year-old, incredibly successful Vaccines for Children program, this Vaccines for Adults proposal would ensure adults have access to immunizations, an especially urgent need as new vaccines against respiratory syncytial virus are now indicated for seniors. Again, Congress rejected this recommendation.

The spike in vaccine-preventable diseases is an alarming reminder of the jeopardy facing vaccines and public health policies, and the pressing need for state and national action. If we extract politic rhetoric from the science of vaccination, adequately fund our vaccine-delivery system and enact commonsense, evidence-based policy, we will strengthen vaccine acceptance, preventing the next outbreak.

Consider yourself warned.

Dr. Shetal Shah is chairperson of the national Pediatric Policy Council, a practicing neonatologist and executive member of the American Academy of Pediatrics Section on Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine.

Read more here:

Here's what the return of measles really means - Tampa Bay Times

Tokyo, April 8, 2024 - NEC Corporation (NEC; TSE: 6701) has released a white paper, "Towards the realization of AI drug development: Comprehensive process workflow for the commercial use of personalized cancer vaccines". This white paper introduces (1) a comprehensive process workflow that can be applied to a wide range of processes, starting from tumor sample collection to vaccine design, manufacturing, supply, and administration, (2) important perspectives for consideration in the workflow, and (3) advanced technologies that will contribute to the realization of the workflow.

NEC is committed to taking on the challenge of realizing new cancer treatments by aiming to establish an accurate, reliable, and comprehensive process workflow that utilizes AI and security technologies.

Read this article:

NEC white paper proposes comprehensive process workflow for the application of AI-driven personalized cancer ... - NEC Global

An investigational UTI vaccine administered to both men and women with recurrent UTIs showed efficacy and a favorable safety profile. According to the investigators, 54% of study participants remained UTI-free for 9 years after the vaccine regimen.

The vaccine, MV140, developed for recurrent UTIs was administered with 2 sprays of a pineapple-flavored suspension under the tongue every day for 3 months. While investigators have previously studied MV140s short-term safety and effectiveness, this is the first long-term follow-up study.

Before having the vaccine, all our participants suffered with recurrent UTIs, and for many women, these can be difficult to treat. Nine years after first receiving this new UTI vaccine, around half of participants remained infection free, Bob Yang, MBBS, FRCS, consultant urologist at the Royal Berkshire NHS Foundation Trust, who co-led the research, said in a statement. Overall, this vaccine is safe in the long term and our participants reported having fewer UTIs that were less severe. Many of those who did get a UTI told us that simply drinking plenty of water was enough to treat it.

In terms of the scope of the health issue, UTIs are experienced by half of all women and 1 in 5 men and can be painful and uncomfortable. Recurrent infections, needing short-term antibiotic treatment, develop in between 20% to 30% of cases. With multidrug resistant UTIs now on the rise, novel modalities preventing and treating these infections are needed.

The investigational UTI vaccine, MV140, showed remarkable long-term efficacy in over half of the recipients.

The vaccine demonstrated a favorable safety profile in the long term. Participants reported fewer UTIs that were less severe, and many found that simple measures like drinking plenty of water were sufficient to manage the infection.

UTIs are a common health issue affecting half of all women and 1 in 5 men, with recurrent infections necessitating short-term antibiotic treatment in a significant portion of cases.

What the Data Showed In their original trial, participants were initially followed-up for 12 months and data from the women in the cohort was published in BJU International in 2017. For their 9-year follow-up study, the researchers reviewed data from the electronic health records of their original cohort. They interviewed participants about their experience of UTIs since receiving the vaccine and asked them about side effects.

Forty-eight participants remained infection free during the 9-year follow-up. The average infection-free period across the cohort was 54.7 months (4 1/2 years); 56.7 months for women and 44.3 months for men. Forty percent of participants reported having repeat doses of the vaccine after 1 or 2 years.

Participants in the trial were 18 years of age and older and were UTI-free when they were initially offered the vaccine. None of the participants had other urinary abnormalities such as catheters, tumors, or stones. The follow-up study included 72 women and 17 men and outcomes were self-reported.

MV140 was developed by the pharmaceutical company Immunotek, which is based in Spain, and contains 4 bacterial species in a suspension with water. It is available off-license in 26 countries. These results were presented at the at the ongoing European Association of Urology (EAU) Congress in Paris.

Reference Oral Vaccine for UTI is Potential Alternative to Antibiotics, Finds 9-Year Study. European Association of Urology Press release. April 6, 2024. Accessed April 7, 2024. https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/1039942?

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Oral UTI Vaccine Demonstrates Long-Term Efficacy in Over Half of Recipients - Contagionlive.com

New Delhi: Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) is a common bacterial infection said to be experienced by half of all women and one in five men. However, a study has shown that more than 50 per cent of people remained UTI-free for up to nine years who received the oral spray-based vaccine 'MV140'.

According to the study published in the journal European Association of Urology, the MV140 vaccine is a potential alternative to antibiotic treatments. About 54 per cent of study participants remained UTI-free for nine years after the vaccine, with no notable side effects reported.

"Recurrent infections, needing short-term antibiotic treatment, develop in between 20 to 30 per cent of cases," the study mentioned. This study, conducted by specialists at the UK's Royal Berkshire Hospital, examined the safety and efficacy of the MV140 vaccine in 89 patients.

"Nine years after first receiving this new UTI vaccine, around half of participants remained infection-free. Overall, this vaccine is safe in the long term and our participants reported having fewer UTIs that were less severe," said Dr Bob Yang, Consultant Urologist at the Royal Berkshire NHS Foundation Trust, who co-led the study.

MV140 vaccine was administered with two sprays of a pineapple-flavoured suspension under the tongue every day for three months in patients.

Developed by the Spain-based pharmaceutical company Immunotek, MV140 contains four bacterial species in a suspension with water. It is available off-license in 26 countries. In the research, 48 participants remained entirely infection-free during the nine-year follow-up.

The average infection-free period across the cohort was 54.7 months (four and a half years) - 56.7 months for women and 44.3 months, one year less, for men. 40 per cent of participants reported having repeat doses of the vaccine after one or two years, the study noted.

"This follow-up study reveals encouraging data about the long-term safety and effectiveness of the MV140 vaccine," said Gernot Bonkat, Professor at the Alta Uro Medical Centre for Urology in Switzerland. (With inputs from IANS)

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This vaccine helped people remain UTI-free for years | Lifestyle Health | English Manorama - Onmanorama

A potential alternative to antibiotics for treatment of recurrent urinary tract infections has been shown to prevent UTIs for up to 9 years in 54% of people given the oral spray-based vaccine.

The initial results from the first long-term follow-up study on the safety and effectiveness of the MV140 vaccine are being presented this weekend at the European Association of Urology (EAU) Congress in Paris.

Before having the vaccine, all our participants suffered from recurrent UTIs, and for many women, these can be difficult to treat, says one of the research leaders, Dr Bob Yang, a Consultant Urologist at the Royal Berkshire NHS Foundation Trust.

Nine years after first receiving this new UTI vaccine, [about] half of the participants remained infection-free.

Overall, this vaccine is safe in the long term and our participants reported having fewer UTIs that were less severe. Many of those who did get a UTI told us that simply drinking plenty of water was enough to treat it.

The MV140 vaccine contains inactivated whole bacteria of the four major species known to cause recurrent UTIs: Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterococcus faecalis, and Proteus vulgaris.

The bacteria are administered in two sprays of a pineapple-flavoured liquid under the tongue every day for 3 months.In the original trial 89 patients (72 women and 17 men) received the vaccine at The Urology Partnership Reading in the UK, and interim results were published in the British Journal of Urology in 2017.

The latest results indicate that the average infection-free period across the cohort was 54.7 months (4.5 years) 56.7 months for women and 44.3 months for men.

This is a very easy vaccine to administer and could be given by GPs as a 3-month course. Many of our participants told us that having the vaccine restored their quality of life, says Yang.

While were yet to look at the effect of this vaccine in different patient groups, this follow-up data suggests it could be a game changer for UTI prevention if its offered widely, reducing the need for antibiotic treatments.

Gernot Bonkat, Professor of Urology at the Alta Uro Medical Centre for Urology in Switzerland and Chairman of the EAU Guidelines on Urological Infections, says the findings are promising.

Recurrent UTIs are a substantial economic burden and the overuse of antibiotic treatments can lead to antibiotic-resistant infections, says Bonkat.

This follow-up study reveals encouraging data about the long-term safety and effectiveness of the MV140 vaccine. Further research into more complex UTIs is needed, as well as research looking at different groups of patients, so we can better optimise how to use this vaccine.

Link:

Vaccine prevents UTIs for up to 9 years in 54% of people - Cosmos