Category: Monkey Pox Vaccine

Although much progress has been made in managing the current Monkeypox (mpox) outbreak with vaccines and changes in behavior, it remains crucial to stay alert and adapt new strategies to prevent future crisis, according to co-presenters at the International AIDS 2024 Conference in Munich, Germany who presented on the current mpox outbreak this week.

Currently, the world is experiencing the spread of the Clade 2b monkeypox virus.

Mpox was introduced 60 years ago, traditionally being transmitted from animals to humans through bites, scratches or contaminated meat. However, the 2022 outbreak saw a dramatic shift, with the virus primarily spreading through close contact during sex.

Initially identified in monkeys, mpox was first found in humans in 1970 in the Democratic Republic of Congo, according to Chloe Orkin from the SHARE Collaborative Centre for Immunobiology.

Today, the clade 2b outbreak has reached alarming proportions, with over 94,000 confirmed cases reported across 117 countries, including significant numbers in the U.S. and Brazil, and up to 103 deaths.

Orkin highlighted how declining herd immunity, due to waning smallpox vaccination coverage, and rapid viral evolution played a role in the pandemics severity.

To date, Clade 2b has been found to affect younger men who have sex with men (MSM), who are linked to high rates of HIV co-infection.

Andrea Antinori from the Istituto Nazionale per le Malattie Infettive Lazzaro Spallanzani, shared Italys response to the outbreak.

Italy reported over 1,000 cases of Monkeypox, mainly among men, between May and December 2022.

The Italian vaccination campaign, launched in August 2022, used the modified vaccinia Ankara-Bavarian Nordic vaccine and targeted high-risk populations, such as MSM.

Over 6,000 doses were administered, covering 44% of the target population, including individuals with HIV and those on pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP).

Antinori highlighted the success of Italys vaccination strategy, noting a significant decline in cases following the campaign.

The decrease was likely due to a combination of reduced risk behavior, public health factors, and probably even the effect of the vaccination campaign, he said.

Also supporting the successful response in Italy, he discussed how using intradermal vaccine shots has been helpful for saving on vaccine doses, although this method can cause more local reactions, such as redness or swelling, its just as effective as the traditional subcutaneous shots.

In addition, previous studies conducted over time have shown that the vaccine continues to work effectively, with strong immune responses lasting well after getting both doses.

Antinori did, however, stress the need for ongoing vaccination efforts and potential booster doses, especially for those previously infected, to manage and mitigate the outbreak in Italy effectively.

Vaccine uptake and behaviors among sexual and gender minorities in response to the outbreak were also addressed during the session.

Drawing on U.S. data, Christian Grov from the CUNY Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, provided valuable insights into the outbreaks trajectory, response strategies and continous challenges.

Grov observed that bisexual individuals, those not engaged in PrEP care and those not in HIV care were less likely to get vaccinated. He also noted significant disparities in vaccine access, with white individuals more likely to receive vaccines compared to people of color.

In response to the success rate in Italy, Grov stressed the importance of behavioral changes, community collaboration and vaccination in controlling the outbreak. He reflected on the similarities between Italy's and the U.S.s vaccine rollouts, noting the vaccine rollout in Italy mirrored what happened in the U.S.

He also addressed vaccine resistance among certain groups, stating, What I want you to know is that we saw significant resistance to the vaccine among people who had not received it, which started to increase as the initial epidemic began to wane.

In a study involving over 8,000 individuals recruited mainly from hookup apps, Grov presented its data revealing that while participants initially reduced their number of sex partners and engaged in fewer sex acts, behaviors reverted as the outbreak waned.

Vaccine uptake increased initially but plateaued, with only 35% of participants having received at least one vaccine dose by November 2022, leaving many still vulnerable.

Though this study had limitations such as potential duplicate responses and the need for better-worded questions, Grov highlighted the critical need for continued vigilance and vaccination efforts to prevent future outbreaks, noting that many individuals remain at risk for Monkeypox.

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Experts Warn of Ongoing Monkeypox Threat Despite Progress in Vaccination and Behavioral Changes | AIDS 2024 - Managed Healthcare Executive

by Lynn Beltran, Salt Lake County Health Department

Salt Lake County Health Department has seen an increase in mpox (formerly known as monkeypox) cases in the last two months. While its easy to think the risk to the community has gone away since the initial outbreak in the summer of 2022, we want people who may be at risk to be informed and protected.

The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reports that while cases have declined sharply since 2022, the U.S. continues to identify about 60 new cases per week across the country. Most of those cases are in people who are not vaccinated against mpox, or who only received one shot of the vaccine. (Spoiler alert: Its not too late to get your second shot, even if your first was in 2022!)

Getting the mpox vaccine is also now a bit of a time-sensitive issue, as the vaccine (called Jynneos) that protects against mpox is about to become costly. With the initial outbreak in 2022, Utahs public health system received a supply of free vaccines to administer to people in the community who were most at risk of infection. That initial free supply will expire at the end of October, and after that (or once the free supply is used up), people who need the vaccine will need to pay for it out of pocket ($275 per dose!) or use their health insurance.

It is important to know that the illness caused by the mpox virus is not mild. Most people who get infected are seriously ill for several weeks or longer. Most infections include painful lesions on the body or in the genital area, and lesions may also appear on the face. Lesions often continue to appear for several weeks and can be very painful. Many people who have the virus also experience significant flu-like symptoms, and some may have difficulty swallowing or defecating, which can lead to hospitalization.

Mpox is spread through close contact with an infected partner. This could include sexual contact and skin-to-skin contact thats not sexual. Even prolonged, close face-to-face interactions can spread pox. People who are not vaccinated or who have only one dose of vaccine are more likely to suffer longer-lasting and more severe symptoms.

Its an incredible public health win to have a vaccine available for a sexually transmitted infection. If most of the people who are at risk in a community are vaccinated, protective herd immunity is more likely to occur, and that can lead to zero new infections.

The mpox vaccine is a two-dose vaccine, where you should get the second shot no earlier than 28 days after the first shot. It is never too late to get that second dose, even if it has been two years since your first shot.

Salt Lake County Health Department still has a few hundred doses of free mpox vaccine to give out before the expiration date. We recommend the vaccine for all men who have sex or are intimate with men, as well as transmen and transwomen who have sex or are intimate with men.

Get your mpox vaccine now, before we run out of free supply, and before youll have to pay $550 for it yourself. Call 385-468-SHOT from Monday to Friday, 8 a.m. to 5 p.m., to make an appointment. Same-day appointments are often available.

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Mpox is still here, and free vaccine is ending - Q Salt Lake

The Suffolk County Department of Health Services will offer free mpoxvaccines on Saturday on Fire Island, as New York is seeing an increase of cases two years after an outbreak took hold largely among gay and bisexual men.

Northwell Health Physician Partners Immediate Care, 153 Doctors Walk in Cherry Grove, will provide the vaccine, a two-dose regimen called JYNNEOS, to those at risk from 10 a.m. to 2 p.m.

Dr. Gregson Pigott, Suffolk Countys Health Commissioner. We encourage all people who are at risk to protect themselves and their loved ones by getting two doses of the mpox vaccine.

Last month,New York City had 258 probable and confirmed cases of the virus formerly known as monkeypox, up from 55 in 2023, according to Centers for Disease Control and Prevention data, which spanned through the week ending June 15. The rest of the state in the same period had roughly 30 cases this year, up from nine at the same time in 2023.The Nassau and Suffolk health departments both said they have not seen an uptick in mpox cases as of June 28.

Dr. Cynthia Friedman, Suffolk's director of public health, said the clinic is a way of trying to prevent an anticipated rise in mpox cases on Long Island this summer.

We do have a lot of city residents, and people from other states as well, who have summer homes on Fire Island or rent homes on Fire Island for the summer, Friedman said. New York City is not the only jurisdiction that's seen an uptick in mpox, so we're trying to stay ahead of it.

The clinic will accept walk-ins as well as appointments. Those who cannot visit the clinic but wish to get the vaccine can also make an appointment at one of Suffolk Countys many mainland clinics.

If one does contract mpox, they should try to isolate themselves as much as possible and avoid sharing things like towels or sheets with other people, Friedman said. They should also notify anyone in their close contact so other can obtain a vaccine.

The vaccine is recommended up to four days after exposure, as then it will be most effective Friedman said, but can be given up to 14 days after exposure.

JYNNEOS is also not 100% effective, but it can lessen the severity of symptoms if contracted, she said.

For the best protection against mpox, both doses of the vaccine are recommended, and the second dose should be given four weeks after the first.

Those who cannot get the second dose on time should get it as soon as possible to complete the series. Maximum protection is reached two weeks after the second dose.

Mpox is a viral illness related to the virus that causes smallpox and is characterized by fever, blistering rash and swollen lymph nodes, the department said. It can be spread through close contact with an animal or person infected with mpox and through contact with contaminated materials.

The virus, which had long been endemic to central and West Africa, broke outin the United States in the early summer of 2022, and 30,000 cases were reported that year, most of them spread throughsexual contact between gay and bisexual men. About 40 people died, The Associated Press reported.

To see if you are at risk, visit the health departments website.

Maureen Mullarkey is a breaking news reporter at Newsday. She previously worked as a reporter for Patch, where she covered a range of Long Island stories on topics such as the Diocese of Rockville Centre bankruptcy and the Babylon School District abuse scandals.

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Suffolk sponsors free mpox vaccine clinic on Fire Island Saturday - Newsday

Eleven people in Connecticut are infected with the mpox virus, which is more than double the number of infections in 2023, according to state health officials.

Dr. Manisha Juthani, commissioner at state Department of Public Health, urged those at risk to get vaccinated.

This has largely been circulating among people who have sex with men, she said. One in three people who the CDC estimates to be at risk for mpox in Connecticut has received both vaccines. In order to be fully vaccinated against mpox, you need to receive two vaccine doses. We have plenty of vaccines. If you received only one vaccine, please come back and get a second and if you have not been vaccinated at all, take this opportunity, because we do know that mpox is circulating in Connecticut.

In 2022, state health officials reported 145 people were infected with the virus. Juthani said vaccinations brought that down to four last year.

The virus can spread through intimate contact, contaminated objects and respiratory droplets, according to the World Health Organization (WHO).

As of July 8, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention assessed the overall risk to the U.S. posed by the clade I mpox outbreak to the general population to be very low, and the risk to gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men, who have more than one sexual partner, and people who have sex with men who have sex with men, regardless of gender, to be low to moderate.

Mpox is previously known as monkeypox. The Central and West Africa-originating zoonotic disease got a name change when WHO deemed the term as racist and stigmatizing.

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As mpox cases increase in CT, public health commissioner urges at-risk residents to get vaccine - New Hampshire Public Radio

State health experts say mpox, formerly known as monkeypox, is popping up again.

They say 11 cases have been reported this year in Connecticut, compared to last year when there were only four.

In 2022, there was an outbreak with 145 cases.

"When we look at data across the United States, there are people who have received one dose and then had an active infection with mpox, said Dr. Manisha Juthani, the commissioner of the Connecticut Department of Public Health.

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Mpox popping up again; health experts recommend at-risk people get 2 vaccine doses - News 12 Connecticut

A new strain of mpox that emerged in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) could become an international health threat if it isnt contained soon and while lessons from recent viral outbreaks offer a path forward, its unclear whether authorities will act quickly enough to rein in the virus.

The DRC has been grappling with a major outbreak of mpox, formerly known as monkeypox, since September 2023.

But it has reached a crisis level recently because the lethal new strain is spreading without sexual contact and may be evading diagnostic tests. Cases are also reaching record highs, and vaccines are not widely accessible.

About 9,600 suspected mpox cases have been reported in eight African countries this year, and more than 400 people have died. Children under 15 have accounted for most of the new infections and deaths in 2024.

Nearly all of the cases so far have been in the DRC, but health officials say the new strain may already have spread beyond its borders, and that overall cases are likely underreported due to spotty testing and surveillance.

Without mitigation measures, mpox could soon cause more illnesses and deaths, and spill beyond Central Africa.

There's every likelihood that the virus may be on the move, Dr Rosamund Lewis, the World Health Organization (WHO)s technical lead and emergency manager for mpox, told Euronews Health.

Mpox became a global crisis in 2022 when cases broke out among gay and bisexual men in Europe and North America.

This marked the first time that sustained transmission was identified outside of West or Central Africa, where the virus has been endemic for decades in some countries.

Mpox has now been detected in 116 countries. Since 2022, more than 27,000 cases have been confirmed in Europe, where the virus continues to spread among men who have sex with men.

While some people have no symptoms, mpox can cause fever, fatigue, and a rash that turns into painful skin lesions, and in extreme cases, it can lead to death. Its particularly dangerous for children, pregnant women, and people with compromised immune systems due to an advanced HIV infection.

The strain that caused the global outbreak in 2022 is called Clade II, which is typically found in West Africa and is far less deadly than Clade I, which is common in the DRC and has a case fatality rate of about 10 per cent.

The concerning new strain, an offshoot of Clade I, first emerged last year among miners and sex workers in the eastern DRC town of Kamituga.

Recently, the new strain has been found in internally displaced camps, Lewis said. It is spreading through close personal contact, not just through sex, meaning it affects a much wider group of people, making it much harder to track and contain.

Researchers say the new strain has pandemic potential.

If this outbreak is not controlled, it can definitely pose a risk for the rest of the globe, Nicaise Ndembi, a senior advisor to the director general of the Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention, told Euronews Health.

In 2022, health authorities got the global outbreak under control through targeted distribution of vaccines and antiviral treatments, as well as effective health messaging to at-risk communities that helped them make decisions that slowed the spread.

By February 2023, nearly 337,000 vaccine doses had been administered in the European Union, Iceland, Liechtenstein, and Norway.

But there have been barriers to this approach in the DRC and broader region, given the stigma associated with mpox and the lack of access to vaccines and treatments.

There are three mpox vaccines available globally, but the DRC just granted emergency authorisation to use two of them last week. The country has a weak system for approving medical products and the WHO doesnt recognise the DRCs medicines regulator as a stringent regulatory agency.

Dr Nelson Aghogho Evaborhene, a vaccinologist at the University of the Witwatersrand in South Africa, added that some countries lack the technical and financial resources needed to evaluate medicines, instead relying on WHO, other global health groups, and other countries regulators to determine vaccine safety and efficacy.

Domestic vaccine manufacturing is also almost nonexistent meaning the DRC, and indeed much of the region, are reliant on donated doses from other countries.

That prompted officials and researchers to warn that the public health response to mpox reflects a failure to heed lessons from the COVID-19 pandemic and the earlier mpox outbreak, when wealthier nations stockpiled vaccines for their own citizens.

There was a huge disparity for antivirals and for vaccines, Evaborhene said.

Its also unclear how effective the existing vaccines are against the new mpox strain, which appears to be evading diagnostic tests. Meanwhile, clinical trials are underway to test how well the vaccines work to protect children.

Ndembi said more research is needed, but that given the emergency situation, African officials should prioritise getting the existing vaccines out quickly in countries with mpox transmission.

With immunisations not yet widely available, Lewis said better disease surveillance, targeted public health messaging, and clinical care for infected patients would help get the outbreak in check.

She also said mpox testing and treatment should be incorporated into sexual health services because it can look like herpes or syphilis.

If youre talking about an adult who has acquired mpox through sexual transmission, then that person should have an HIV test, Lewis said.

While HIV isnt a risk factor for mpox, people with HIV are at higher risk of severe illness and death from mpox.

Ndembi said the current outbreak underscores the need for a strengthened, centralised public health infrastructure in Africa, as well as health workforce development, increased regional vaccine manufacturing, more domestic funding for health security, and greater collaboration with global health organisations and other countries.

The Africa CDC proposed this roadmap, called the New Public Health Order, in 2021 after the COVID-19 pandemic exposed staggering international health inequalities.

But it has been sluggish to get off the ground, and Ndembi said the continents medical regulatory pathways remain fragmented.

We learned the hard way during COVID, and we came to realise we need to reshape the global health architecture, Ndembi said. As those efforts slowly ramp up, the immediate solution here is going to be ensuring that we have access to the biomedical interventions for mpox.

Its extremely important at this particular juncture, Ndembi said.

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Health authorities are running out of time to control a new mpox strain in the DRC - Yahoo News UK

Eligible Victorians, including those in Wyndham, are being urged to get vaccinated against mpox amid an increased risk of local transmission across the state.

Current records show 61 mpox (previously known as monkeypox) cases have been reported in Victoria since April 2024, with most cases acquired in Australia.

The virus is usually spread from person-to-person by prolonged physical or intimate contact with someone who has mpox, especially with skin rashes, lesions, sores or scabs.

Mpox can start with flu-like symptoms, such as fever, headaches and muscle aches and pains. It causes a rash or skin lesions and swollen lymph nodes.

Symptoms can occur up to 21 days after being exposed to mpox.

Since May 2022, there has been a large international outbreak of mpox that is predominantly impacting gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men.

Victorian acting chief health officer Dr Christian McGrath said the recent uptick in cases in Victoria is cause for concern.

Mpox is not just a disease you can contract overseas it is spreading locally in Victoria and people at risk need to consider how to best protect themselves, he said.

In Victoria, gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men are most at risk in the current outbreak. However, anyone who has been in close, and usually prolonged, intimate contact with someone with mpox is at risk.

Dr McGrath said the best line of defence against mpox is to get vaccinated.

While mpox can still occur following vaccination, it significantly reduces the risk of transmission and disease severity, he continued.

Its vital that you have two doses of the vaccine for optimal protection.

Avoiding contact with infected people, considering limiting your number of sexual partners and maintaining good hygiene are also important for the prevention of mpox.

In Victoria, the mpox vaccine is available free-of-charge for people who are at risk.

For information on eligibility and where to get the mpox vaccine please visit betterhealth.vic.gov.au/mpox

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Vaccinations urged amid mpox spread | Wyndham - Wyndham Star Weekly

The JYNNEOS vaccine. County News Center photo

The number of local Mpox cases are on the rise, prompting San Diego County public health officials Tuesday to encourage the public to get vaccinated for the virus before attending large summer events.

The county has recorded seven Mpox (formerly called Monkeypox) cases in May and June, mirroring 10 new cases reported in Los Angeles.

In 2024, San Diego County has recorded on average one or two new Mpox cases a month. Of the recent cases, four were among people who had not been vaccinated for it.

Its important for people to get both doses of the JYNNEOS vaccine to protect themselves against the Mpox virus, County Interim Public Health Officer Dr. Ankita Kadakia said. We know the summer brings more opportunities for events and festivals that could increase the spread of Mpox, so now is a great time to get the vaccine or finish both doses and encourage friends to do the same.

The county saw an outbreak of Mpox in 2022, mostly impacting people in the LGBTQ+ community, but anyone is susceptible to the illness, which can be passed through close physical contact.

Infections usually cause rashes or sores throughout the body that can last for two to four weeks. Rashes can happen in sensitive areas and can be extremely painful. Often, but not always, people with Mpox experience flu-like symptoms before the rash or sores appear, according to a statement from the county.

The JYNNEOS vaccine provides protection against Mpox and is available at county public health clinics. People can also talk to their health care provider, visit myturn.ca.gov or call 211 for help finding the vaccine.

According to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control, people who have received only one dose of the JYNNEOS vaccine should get their second dose 28 days later for maximum protection. If past the 28 days, officials recommend getting the second dose as soon as possible.

City News Service contributed to this article.

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County Health Officials Urge Residents to Get Vaccinated as Mpox Cases Rise - Times of San Diego

Mpox, previously known as Monkeypox, is a rare viral infection related to smallpox. It's much less severe, but can cause significant health issues.

Prior to 2022, it was not known to spread easily from person to person. Traditionally, people caught it from direct contact with infected animals, such as rodents or through bites from these animals.

How does Mpox spread?

The World Health Organization (WHO) identified a global outbreak of Mpox in 2022. This marked a change in how the virus spread.

For the first time, Mpox was seen spreading through sexual contact. It is important to note that while sexual contact has become a notable mode of transmission, the infectious disease can still be contracted through close physical contact, respiratory droplets and bites or scratches from infected animals.

A report from the WHO in August 2023 stated that there had been 186 Mpox deaths worldwide since the 2022 outbreak, with a fatality rate of less than 1%.

In South Africa, six new cases of Mpox have been confirmed, raising the total number from seven to 13 since the first reported case in May 2024. The new infections were detected in Gauteng and the Western Cape regions. The death toll remains at two.

Who is most affected?

Its important to note that Mpox does not exclusively affect men. Most of the cases in South Africa have been reported among men who have sex with other men.

These cases were typically identified through sexual health services or other healthcare visits in primary or secondary care facilities.

The initial case in South Africa this year was reported on May 9, involving a 35-year-old man from Gauteng.

Treatment

As of now, there is no registered treatment for Mpox in South Africa. However, the WHO recommends the use of Tecovirimat, also known as TPOXX, particularly for severe cases.

This is especially recommended for individuals with low CD4 counts (below 350). The South African Health Products Regulatory Authority (Sahpra) has endorsed and approved this treatment for severe cases.

In the latest statement, the health department said it had received a batch of Mpox-specific treatment, Tecovirimat - also known as TPOXX or ST-246, for the treatment of patients who experienced severe health complications because of Mpox.

The process to secure more treatment, including vaccines, is underway in case the need arises, the department explained.

However, all mild cases will continue to be managed with supportive treatment used to manage complications like fever, pneumonia and skin infections.

Government urges people to seek help for Mpox symptoms

The government is asking everyone to go to a healthcare facility if they think they have Mpox symptoms or if they've been in close contact with someone who has it.

This applies to all people, regardless of gender, age or sexual orientation, because anyone can catch this disease, which is both preventable and treatable.

Officials highlighted that hand washing was one of the best ways to stay healthy and to stop the spread of the disease.

"People should always wash their hands with soap and water or use an alcohol-based hand sanitiser, especially before eating, touching your face, or after using the bathroom, the statement read.

Symptoms

Common signs of Mpox include a rash that can last from two to four weeks, fever, headache, muscle aches, back pain, low energy and swollen glands.

"The painful rash looks like blisters or sores and can appear on the face, palms, soles of the feet, groin and other areas."

The department announced that the National Institute for Communicable Diseases (NICD) was working hard to track and investigate Mpox cases.

They were also collecting and analysing data to better understand how widespread the outbreak was.

The department is also working with partner organisations to increase efforts in educating the public.

They are running targeted and general awareness campaigns to give people important information about Mpox.

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Mpox cases rise amid vaccine roll-out as the public is urged to remain vigilant - IOL

The Los Angeles County Public Health Department issued a warning on Monday alerting residents to an uptick in Mpox (Monkeypox) cases, calling it a "concerning increase."

According to the news release, the Public Health Department said, "The Los Angeles County Department of Public Health is alerting residents and health care providers about a concerning increase in mpox cases, with 10 new cases reported in Los Angeles County in the past two weeks up from an average of less than two cases per week during the preceding several weeks."

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The virus can be spread through close contact or by "respiratory droplets" which could include kissing, sneezing, or coughing, the LA Public Health Department says.

Monkeypox virus symptoms may be a rash on a person's hands or feet, face, chest or genital areas the Center for Disease Control says. The "incubation period" for the virus is between three to 17 days, the CDC says, and a person could feel normal and exhibit no symptoms. A person may also experience a headache, chills, fever, and respiratory issues the CDC says.

The LA Public Health Department also said in the release that "Early detection, testing and vaccination are vital to controlling the spread of this disease and protecting the health of Los Angeles County residents."

Read more: Compare the Top Health Savings Account (HSA) Providers

Newsweek reached out to the Los Angeles Public Health Department on Friday afternoon via email for comment and they responded saying the news release has the "most current information."

The LA County Public Health Department also listed recommendations for residents in the news release amid the increase in cases. The recommendations include getting testing if a person is exhibiting symptoms, asking a partner if they have symptoms of the virus, and getting the two-dose Jynneos vaccine.

Community leaders along with the Public Health Department are working together to "address" the "resurgence as swiftly and effectively as possible," the release says.

"Enhanced surveillance, contact tracing and outbreak investigations are underway to identify potential sources of the infection and prevent further transmission," the release notes. "Public Health's mobile vaccination units are providing free vaccination at numerous Pride events this season, Public Health's sexual health clinics found at http://publichealth.lacounty.gov/chs/sexualhealthclinics/ and other walk-up vaccine clinics can be found at https://myturn.ca.gov/."

Meanwhile, the CDC posted to X, formerly Twitter, in May alerting health care professionals that summer gatherings could potentially lead to new cases of the virus. "Clinicians: summer gatherings could lead to new cases of mpox. Talk to your patients about the JYNNEOS vaccine. Two doses are more effective than one."

Newsweek is committed to challenging conventional wisdom and finding connections in the search for common ground.

Newsweek is committed to challenging conventional wisdom and finding connections in the search for common ground.

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Spike in Southern California Monkeypox Cases Sparks New Warning - Newsweek