Category: Monkey Pox Vaccine

Monkeypox Vaccine And Treatment Market is Estimated to Grow at a CAGR of 17.9% within the forecast period of 2  openPR

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Monkeypox Vaccine And Treatment Market is Estimated to Grow at a CAGR of 17.9% within the forecast period of 2 - openPR

Monkeypox is a viral zoonosis (a virus transmitted to humans from animals) with symptoms similar to those seen in the past in smallpox patients, although it is clinically less severe. With the eradication of smallpox in 1980 and subsequent cessation of smallpox vaccination, monkeypox has emerged as the most important orthopoxvirus for public health. Monkeypox primarily occurs in central and west Africa, often in proximity to tropical rainforests, and has been increasingly appearing in urban areas. Animal hosts include a range of rodents and non-human primates.

Monkeypox virus is an enveloped double-stranded DNA virus that belongs to the Orthopoxvirus genus of the Poxviridae family. There are two distinct genetic clades of the monkeypox virus: the central African (Congo Basin) clade and the west African clade. The Congo Basin clade has historically caused more severe disease and was thought to be more transmissible. The geographical division between the two clades has so far been in Cameroon, the only country where both virus clades have been found.

Various animal species have been identified as susceptible to monkeypox virus. This includes rope squirrels, tree squirrels, Gambian pouched rats, dormice, non-human primates and other species. Uncertainty remains on the natural history of monkeypox virus and further studies are needed to identify the exact reservoir(s) and how virus circulation is maintained in nature.

Human monkeypox was first identified in humans in 1970 in the Democratic Republic of the Congo in a 9-month-old boy in a region where smallpox had been eliminated in 1968. Since then, most cases have been reported from rural, rainforest regions of the Congo Basin, particularly in the Democratic Republic of the Congo and human cases have increasingly been reported from across central and west Africa.

Since 1970, human cases of monkeypox have been reported in 11 African countries: Benin, Cameroon, the Central African Republic, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Gabon, Cote dIvoire, Liberia, Nigeria, the Republic of the Congo, Sierra Leone and South Sudan. The true burden of monkeypox is not known. For example, in 199697, an outbreak was reported in the Democratic Republic of the Congo with a lower case fatality ratio and a higher attack rate than usual. A concurrent outbreak of chickenpox (caused by the varicella virus, which is not an orthopoxvirus) and monkeypox was found, which could explain real or apparent changes in transmission dynamics in this case. Since 2017, Nigeria has experienced a large outbreak, with over 500 suspected cases and over 200 confirmed cases and a case fatality ratio of approximately 3%. Cases continue to be reported until today.

Monkeypox is a disease of global public health importance as it not only affects countries in west and central Africa, but the rest of the world. In 2003, the first monkeypox outbreak outside of Africa was in the United States of America and was linked to contact with infected pet prairie dogs. These pets had been housed with Gambian pouched rats and dormice that had been imported into the country from Ghana. This outbreak led to over 70 cases of monkeypox in the U.S. Monkeypox has also been reported in travelers from Nigeria to Israel in September 2018, to the United Kingdom in September 2018, December 2019, May 2021 and May 2022, to Singapore in May 2019, and to the United States of America in July and November 2021. In May 2022, multiple cases of monkeypox were identified in several non-endemic countries. Studies are currently underway to further understand the epidemiology, sources of infection, and transmission patterns.

Animal-to-human (zoonotic) transmission can occur from direct contact with the blood, bodily fluids, or cutaneous or mucosal lesions of infected animals. In Africa, evidence of monkeypox virus infection has been found in many animals including rope squirrels, tree squirrels, Gambian pouched rats, dormice, different species of monkeys and others. The natural reservoir of monkeypox has not yet been identified, though rodents are the most likely. Eating inadequately cooked meat and other animal products of infected animals is a possible risk factor. People living in or near forested areas may have indirect or low-level exposure to infected animals.

Human-to-human transmission can result from close contact with respiratory secretions, skin lesions of an infected person or recently contaminated objects. Transmission via droplet respiratory particles usually requires prolonged face-to-face contact, which puts health workers, household members and other close contacts of active cases at greater risk. However, the longest documented chain of transmission in a community has risen in recent years from 6 to 9 successive person-to-person infections. This may reflect declining immunity in all communities due to cessation of smallpox vaccination. Transmission can also occur via the placenta from mother to fetus (which can lead to congenital monkeypox) or during close contact during and after birth. While close physical contact is a well-known risk factor for transmission, it is unclear at this time if monkeypox can be transmitted specifically through sexual transmission routes. Studies are needed to better understand this risk.

The incubation period (interval from infection to onset of symptoms) of monkeypox is usually from 6 to 13 days but can range from 5 to 21 days.

The infection can be divided into two periods:

Monkeypox is usually a self-limited disease with the symptoms lasting from 2 to 4 weeks. Severe cases occur more commonly among children and are related to the extent of virus exposure, patient health status and nature of complications. Underlying immune deficiencies may lead to worse outcomes. Although vaccination against smallpox was protective in the past, today persons younger than 40 to 50 years of age (depending on the country) may be more susceptible to monkeypox due to cessation of smallpox vaccination campaigns globally after eradication of the disease. Complications of monkeypox can include secondary infections, bronchopneumonia, sepsis, encephalitis, and infection of the cornea with ensuing loss of vision. The extent to which asymptomatic infection may occur is unknown.

The case fatality ratio of monkeypox has historically ranged from 0 to 11 % in the general population and has been higher among young children. In recent times, the case fatality ratio has been around 36%.

The clinical differential diagnosis that must be considered includes other rash illnesses, such as chickenpox, measles, bacterial skin infections, scabies, syphilis, and medication-associated allergies. Lymphadenopathy during the prodromal stage of illness can be a clinical feature to distinguish monkeypox from chickenpox or smallpox.

If monkeypox is suspected, health workers should collect an appropriate sample and have it transported safely to a laboratory with appropriate capability. Confirmation of monkeypox depends on the type and quality of the specimen and the type of laboratory test. Thus, specimens should be packaged and shipped in accordance with national and international requirements. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is the preferred laboratory test given its accuracy and sensitivity. For this, optimal diagnostic samples for monkeypox are from skin lesions the roof or fluid from vesicles and pustules, and dry crusts. Where feasible, biopsy is an option. Lesion samples must be stored in a dry, sterile tube (no viral transport media) and kept cold. PCR blood tests are usually inconclusive because of the short duration of viremia relative to the timing of specimen collection after symptoms begin and should not be routinely collected from patients.

As orthopoxviruses are serologically cross-reactive, antigen and antibody detection methods do not provide monkeypox-specific confirmation. Serology and antigen detection methods are therefore not recommended for diagnosis or case investigation where resources are limited. Additionally, recent or remote vaccination with a vaccinia-based vaccine (e.g. anyone vaccinated before smallpox eradication, or more recently vaccinated due to higher risk such as orthopoxvirus laboratory personnel) might lead to false positive results.

In order to interpret test results, it is critical that patient information be provided with the specimens including: a) date of onset of fever, b) date of onset of rash, c) date of specimen collection, d) current status of the individual (stage of rash), and e) age.

Clinical care for monkeypox should be fully optimized to alleviate symptoms, manage complications and prevent long-term sequelae. Patients should be offered fluids and food to maintain adequate nutritional status. Secondary bacterial infections should be treated as indicated. An antiviral agent known as tecovirimat that was developed for smallpox was licensed by the European Medicines Agency (EMA) for monkeypox in 2022 based on data in animal and human studies. It is not yet widely available.

If used for patient care, tecovirimat should ideally be monitored in a clinical research context with prospective data collection.

Vaccination against smallpox was demonstrated through several observational studies to be about 85% effective in preventing monkeypox. Thus, prior smallpox vaccination may result in milder illness. Evidence of prior vaccination against smallpox can usually be found as a scar on the upper arm. At the present time, the original (first-generation) smallpox vaccines are no longer available to the general public. Some laboratory personnel or health workers may have received a more recent smallpox vaccine to protect them in the event of exposure to orthopoxviruses in the workplace. A still newer vaccine based on a modified attenuated vaccinia virus (Ankara strain) was approved for the prevention of monkeypox in 2019. This is a two-dose vaccine for which availability remains limited. Smallpox and monkeypox vaccines are developed in formulations based on the vaccinia virus due to cross-protection afforded for the immune response to orthopoxviruses.

Raising awareness of risk factors and educating people about the measures they can take to reduce exposure to the virus is the main prevention strategy for monkeypox. Scientific studies are now underway to assess the feasibility and appropriateness of vaccination for the prevention and control of monkeypox. Some countries have, or are developing, policies to offer vaccine to persons who may be at risk such as laboratory personnel, rapid response teams and health workers.

Surveillance and rapid identification of new cases is critical for outbreak containment. During human monkeypox outbreaks, close contact with infected persons is the most significant risk factor for monkeypox virus infection. Health workers and household members are at a greater risk of infection. Health workers caring for patients with suspected or confirmed monkeypox virus infection, or handling specimens from them, should implement standard infection control precautions. If possible, persons previously vaccinated against smallpox should be selected to care for the patient.

Samples taken from people and animals with suspected monkeypox virus infection should be handled by trained staff working in suitably equipped laboratories. Patient specimens must be safely prepared for transport with triple packaging in accordance with WHO guidance for transport of infectious substances.

The identification in May 2022 of clusters of monkeypox cases in several non-endemic countries with no direct travel links to an endemic area is atypical. Further investigations are underway to determine the likely source of infection and limit further onward spread. As the source of this outbreak is being investigated, it is important to look at all possible modes of transmission in order to safeguard public health. Further information on this outbreak can be found here.

Over time, most human infections have resulted from a primary, animal-to-human transmission. Unprotected contact with wild animals, especially those that are sick or dead, including their meat, blood and other parts must be avoided. Additionally, all foods containing animal meat or parts must be thoroughly cooked before eating.

Some countries have put in place regulations restricting importation of rodents and non-human primates. Captive animals that are potentially infected with monkeypox should be isolated from other animals and placed into immediate quarantine. Any animals that might have come into contact with an infected animal should be quarantined, handled with standard precautions and observed for monkeypox symptoms for 30 days.

The clinical presentation of monkeypox resembles that of smallpox, a related orthopoxvirus infection which has been eradicated. Smallpox was more easily transmitted and more often fatal as about 30% of patients died. The last case of naturally acquired smallpox occurred in 1977, and in 1980 smallpox was declared to have been eradicated worldwide after a global campaign of vaccination and containment. It has been 40 or more years since all countries ceased routine smallpox vaccination with vaccinia-based vaccines. As vaccination also protected against monkeypox in west and central Africa, unvaccinated populations are now also more susceptible to monkeypox virus infection.

Whereas smallpox no longer occurs naturally, the global health sector remains vigilant in the event it could reappear through natural mechanisms, laboratory accident or deliberate release. To ensure global preparedness in the event of reemergence of smallpox, newer vaccines, diagnostics and antiviral agents are being developed. These may also now prove useful for prevention and control of monkeypox.

WHO supports Member States with surveillance, preparedness and outbreak response activities for monkeypox in affected countries.More information can be found here.

Link:

Monkeypox - World Health Organization

Monkeypox is a viral disease similar to smallpox. It causes fever, swollen lymph nodes, and a lesion-like rash. The lesions can appear on or near your genitals or anus and in other areas.

Monkeypox is also a zoonotic disease. This means it can be transmitted from animals to humans and vice versa. It can also be transmitted from one human to another.

There are two different types of the monkeypox virus, the West African virus, and the Congo Basin virus.

Before 2022, most cases of monkeypox occurred in central and western Africa. However, cases of monkeypox caused by the West African form of the virus have been reported in 94 countries worldwide as of the time of this articles publication, including in areas where it doesnt usually occur.

Read on to learn about the causes, symptoms, and diagnosis of monkeypox. This article will also explain how monkeypox spreads and how it can be treated.

Monkeypox is caused by the monkeypox virus. The virus is part of the Orthopoxvirus genus, which includes the virus that causes smallpox.

Scientists first identified the disease in 1958. There were two outbreaks among monkeys used for research. Thats why the condition is called monkeypox.

The first case of monkeypox in a human happened in 1970 in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.

The symptoms of monkeypox are similar to those of smallpox. Monkeypox symptoms are typically milder.

After you contract the monkeypox virus, it typically takes 6 to 13 days for symptoms to appear. However, this can range from 5 to 21 days.

The early symptoms can include:

After the fever develops, a rash usually appears 1 to 3 days later. The rash typically affects your:

A rash may come before or after fever and other flu-like symptoms. Some people may only experience a rash.

The rash associated with monkeypox consists of lesions that evolve in the following order:

After the lesions dry and scab over, they fall off.

The symptoms of monkeypox generally last 2 to 4 weeks and go away without treatment.

Heres what the condition looks like in humans:

Possible complications of monkeypox include:

An infection in the cornea may lead to vision loss.

In severe cases, the lesions might merge together. This may cause the loss of a large area of skin.

In the past, the monkeypox virus was mainly active in tropical, rural parts of central and western Africa. Since 1970, it has occurred in the following countries:

Historically, most reported cases of monkeypox are from rural areas of the Democratic Republic of the Congo.

However, as of August 2022, cases of monkeypox have been reported in 87 other countries where the virus doesnt usually occur, with 39,434 total cases reported worldwide.

Additionally, on July 23, 2022, the World Health Organization (WHO) officially declared the monkeypox outbreak a Public Health Emergency of International Concern.

Monkeypox spreads through direct contact with the monkeypox virus through the following substances:

It can also spread through contact with objects, fabrics, or surfaces that contain the monkeypox virus.

People who are pregnant can also pass the virus to their fetus through the placenta.

According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the monkeypox virus can also be spread through intimate contact, which includes:

Transmission can also happen through:

Scientists are still researching whether monkeypox can be spread by a person who has no symptoms, how it spreads through respiratory secretions, and whether or not it can be spread by contact with other bodily fluids, including vaginal fluids, semen, urine, or feces.

According to the CDC, monkeypox is rarely fatal. In fact, approximately 99% of people who get the West African version of monkeypox survive. This is the strain thats responsible for the current outbreak.

Certain people may be more susceptible to severe illness and complications, including:

People who experience secondary bacterial infections tend to have worse outcomes.

Compared with the West African form of the virus, the Congo Basin form of monkeypox is usually more severe, It has a fatality rate of around 10%.

Before 2022, most confirmed cases of monkeypox in the United States were associated with international travel or contact with animals that had gotten the monkeypox virus.

However, since May 2022, multiple cases have been identified in countries around the globe where monkeypox doesnt usually occur.

As of August 17, 2022, 39,434 cases have been reported worldwide in 94 different countries. This includes 13,517 cases in the United States, with the highest number of cases occurring in:

On August 4, 2022, monkeypox was declared a public health emergency in the United States.

Theres currently no treatment for monkeypox. However, monkeypox is self-limiting, which means it can get better without treatment.

Some medications can be used to control an outbreak and prevent the disease from spreading. They can include:

Other treatments focus on managing symptoms using over-the-counter or prescription medications, such as pain relievers, topical creams, and oral antihistamines.

According to the WHO, the smallpox vaccine is approximately 85% effective in preventing the development of monkeypox. If you received the smallpox vaccine as a child and contract the monkeypox virus, your symptoms may be mild.

There are two vaccines available that may be used for the prevention of monkeypox, JYNNEOS and ACAM2000.

The CDC currently recommends vaccination for people who have been exposed to monkeypox and those who are at an increased risk of contracting the virus.

This includes people who:

In addition to getting vaccinated, the CDC also recommends washing your hands frequently and avoiding direct contact with people who have monkeypox or objects that they mightve used to prevent infection.

If youve had close contact with someone who has gotten monkeypox, the CDC recommends consulting with a healthcare professional to determine whether testing is necessary.

Doctors diagnose monkeypox using several methods:

Blood tests arent usually recommended. Thats because the monkeypox virus stays in the blood for a short time. Therefore, its not an accurate test for diagnosing monkeypox.

Monkeypox is a viral disease and zoonotic condition, which means it can spread from animals to humans. It can also spread through contact between two humans.

The first symptoms typically include fever, muscle aches, and swollen lymph nodes. As the disease progresses, it causes a rash, which can appear on or near your genitals, anus, face, chest, and extremities.

The rash consists of lesions that turn into fluid-filled blisters, which then dry up and fall off. The rash typically starts on your face and then progresses, usually to your arms and legs. However, it can occur in other parts of your body as well.

Getting vaccinated if youre at risk, washing your hands frequently, and avoiding contact with others who have monkeypox can help prevent infection.

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What Is Monkeypox: Symptoms, Pictures, and Treatment - Healthline

Monkeypox is an infection caused by a virus similar to the now-eradicated smallpox virus. It has been most common in some African countries, but outbreaks have occurred in other areas from time to time. In 2022, the World Health Organization declared a global health emergency since monkeypox had spread to many countries through social interactions and intimate contacts.

Monkeypox is an infection caused by a virus. In some countries, the disease has been endemic occuring among the general population for quite some time. It is now spreading more widely around the world.Paul Auwaerter, M.D., M.B.A., clinical director of the infectious diseases division at Johns Hopkins Medicine, provides an overview.

Monkeypox has a long incubation time. That means it can take four to 21 days to produce illness after someone has been exposed to the virus.

Altogether, monkeypox infection lasts two to four weeks. Infected people are no longer contagious to others after all of their skin lesions crust over or heal.

Monkeypox is caused by a virus related to the one that causes smallpox, but monkeypox disease is usually milder than smallpox. It is called monkeypox because it was first isolated in monkeys. However, rodents, not monkeys, are the primary carriers of the virus. The World Health Organization is going to rename the illness because the name monkeypox is misleading. The smallpox vaccine provides some protection against the monkeypox virus and monkeypox disease may be more likely to affect people who have never been vaccinated against smallpox. The smallpox vaccination program ended in the U.S. in 1972.

In people, monkeypox is spread through contact with an infected person's rash or bodily fluids, including respiratory droplets. Close personal contact, sexual or not, can cause a person to become infected.

A health care professional can identify monkeypox with a sample of fluid swabbed from the rash. Your doctor may need to rule out other rash-producing illnesses such as chickenpox, measles or syphilis, as well as screen for sexually transmitted diseases such as HIV, syphilis and others.

Yes, there are two strains of monkeypox. The strain that is endemic in several countries in West Africa, which has been seen in outbreaks outside of Africa in 2022, is less severe than the strain that occurs in the Congo basin. So far, the strain in the current outbreak seems similar to the one seen in West African countries and has caused mild illness in most people infected with that virus.

Although many cases resolve on their own, people who are more ill from monkeypox can be treated with antiviral agents. Smallpox therapies may be used, although data on their effectiveness for this condition is limited.

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) suggests that people with severe monkeypox disease, patients who are immunocompromised, children younger than age 8, and people who are pregnant should be considered for antiviral treatment following consultation with the CDC.

The Food and Drug Administration has approved vaccines to prevent monkeypox, including Jynneos. When given early enough after exposure (within four days), vaccines may lessen the severity of the disease, so health care professionals may recommend vaccines for those who have been in close contact with a person who is infected. Also, antivirals are being tested to see if they are safe and effective in easing symptoms.

The best ways to keep from getting sick with monkeypox are:

According to theCDC, people who have been exposed to an infected person or animal should monitor their health for three weeks after that exposure. You can go about your normal activities if you dont have any symptoms. Do not donate blood, cells, tissue, breast milk, semen or organs during this three-week period.

Follow these steps:

It can be. Some strains of monkeypox have a death rate ranging from 1% to 10%, based on data from cases in some African countries.

A monkeypox pandemic is unlikely for several reasons:

Continue reading here:

Monkeypox | Johns Hopkins Medicine

The DOH MPV dashboard schedule for data updates will change from Tuesday and Thursday to Monday only. The new schedule takes effect November 14, 2022, and will allow for additional reporting flexibility.

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The Washington State Department of Health (DOH) is no longer listing positive cases in non-Washington residents, those cases are counted in a persons state or country of residence.

DOH makes every effort to publish updates on Mondays (except for state holidays).

Due to processing, there may be some lag time between when a local health jurisdiction or health care provider confirms a positive test or reports a vaccine dose and when that information is added to the data above.

As of January 17, 2023, 01:08 AM (PST), there have been 30399 administrations of MPV vaccine entered into the Washington State Immunization Information System (WAIIS). Of these, 99% have been the JYNNEOS vaccine. A total of 18821 Washington state residents have received an MPV vaccine, of which 11025 are fully vaccinated (i.e., have received two JYNNEOS).

There are two vaccines available for MPV: JYNNEOS and ACAM2000. The current MPV outbreak response has focused on distributing JYNNEOS. There have been very few administrations of ACAM2000, although this analysis monitors for them. JYNNEOS is administered in two doses, the second of which is recommended 24-35 days after the first dose. Below is a table of patient counts organized by JYNNEOS dose number.

Since January 1, 2022

Excludes administrations from suppressed (n<10) and unknown counties.Vaccine allocation information (PDF)

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Monkeypox (MPV) Data | Washington State Department of Health

Monkeypox is a rare infection most commonly found in west or central Africa. There has recently been an increase in cases in the UK, but the risk of catching it is low.

Monkeypox can be passed on from person to person through:

In parts of west and central Africa, monkeypox can also be caught from infected rodents (such as rats, mice and squirrels) if:

Although more people have been diagnosed with it recently, only a small number of people in the UK have had monkeypox and the risk remains low.

You're extremely unlikely to have monkeypox if:

Anyone can get monkeypox.

Currently most cases have been in men who are gay, bisexual or have sex with other men, so it's particularly important to be aware of the symptoms if you're in these groups.

If you get infected with monkeypox, it usually takes between 5 and 21 days for the first symptoms to appear.

The first symptoms of monkeypox include:

A rash usually appears 1 to 5 days after the first symptoms. The rash often begins on the face, then spreads to other parts of the body. This can include the mouth, genitals and anus.

You may also have anal pain or bleeding from your bottom.

The rash is sometimes confused with chickenpox. It starts as raised spots, which turn into small blisters filled with fluid. These blisters eventually form scabs which later fall off.

The symptoms usually clear up in a few weeks. While you have symptoms, you can pass monkeypox on to other people.

Urgent advice: Call a sexual health clinic if:

You have a rash with blisters, anal pain or bleeding from your bottom and have either:

Stay at home and avoid close contact with other people, including sharing towels or bedding, until you've been told what to do.

Call the clinic before visiting.

Tell the person you speak to if you've had close contact with someone who has or might have monkeypox, or if you've recently travelled to central or west Africa.

Stay at home and call 111 for advice if you're not able to contact a sexual health clinic.

Non-urgent advice: Call a GP if:

A child has a rash with blisters and has either:

They should stay at home and avoid close contact with other people, including sharing towels or bedding, until you've been told what to do.

Call the GP surgery before visiting.

Tell the person you speak to if the child had close contact with someone who has or might have monkeypox, or if they've recently travelled to central or west Africa.

Stay at home and call 111 for advice if you're not able to contact a GP.

NHS 111 can tell you what to do if you have a rash but:

Get advice about your symptoms from 111 online

Monkeypox is usually mild and most people recover within a few weeks without treatment.

But, if your symptoms are more severe and you become unwell, you may need treatment in hospital.

The risk of needing treatment in hospital is higher for:

Because the infection can be passed on through close contact, it's important to isolate if you're diagnosed with it.

You may be asked to isolate at home if your symptoms are mild.

GOV.UK has further advice for people infected with Monkeypox who are isolating at home

Monkeypox is caused by a similar virus to smallpox. The smallpox (MVA) vaccine should give a good level of protection against monkeypox.

The NHS is offering the smallpox (MVA) vaccine to people who are most likely to be exposed to monkeypox.

People who are most likely to be exposed include:

Health care workers will usually be offered 2 doses of the vaccine.

Men who are gay, bisexual or have sex with other men will be offered 2 doses of the vaccine. The 2nd dose will be offered from 2 to 3 months after the 1st dose. Your local NHS services will contact you when you can get your 2nd dose.

Your local NHS services may contact you and offer you a vaccine if you are at risk of exposure.

You may also be offered the vaccine alongside other appointments, for example for HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP).

If you are gay, bisexual or a man who has sex with other men, you can also get the smallpox vaccine from a vaccination site.

If none of the monkeypox vaccination sites are open or suitable for you, contact a sexual health clinic.

Although monkeypox is rare, there are things you can do to reduce your chance of getting it and passing it on.

wash your hands with soap and water regularly or use an alcohol-based hand sanitiser

talk to sexual partners about their sexual health and any symptoms they may have

be aware of the symptoms of monkeypox if you are sexually active, especially if you have new sexual partners

take a break from sex and intimate contact if you have symptoms of monkeypox until you get seen by a doctor and told you are no longer at risk of passing it on

do not share bedding or towels with people who may have monkeypox

do not have close contact (within 1 metre) with people who may have monkeypox

do not go near wild or stray animals, including animals that appear unwell or are dead, while travelling in west and central Africa

do not eat or touch meat from wild animals while travelling in west and central Africa

Page last reviewed: 20 October 2022Next review due: 25 April 2025

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Monkeypox - NHS

Michael Doshier was on his way to a party at the House of Yes, a graffiti-splashed dance club in Bushwick, last Thursday night when he got a text. We actually didnt go in yet, his friend wrote. Theyre giving out monkeypox vaccines so were getting them!

With a vaccine van right outside the club, the decision was easy for Mr. Doshier, 31, a gay man who was worried that he could be at risk of getting monkeypox but who had not yet gotten vaccinated.

He registered with a city health worker and stepped into the white van that was serving as a mobile clinic.

I think its an amazing service, he said afterward.

It was also the vans last night outside the club.

The citys mobile vaccination program for monkeypox, which has placed vans outside community centers, nightclubs and sex parties since late summer, has lost its funding and is coming to an end. The mass vaccination sites that the city set up this summer also closed on Nov. 14.

With monkeypox cases in the city now at an average of three per day, down from more than 70 a day in late July, both New York City and state governments have quietly ended their monkeypox states of emergency, though the federal government has continued its emergency declaration.

Monkeypox vaccinations are being moved to outpatient and sexual health clinics run by the city hospital system and private providers. The city, which funded the response without federal aid, says it is now moving to make monkeypox vaccination part of routine health care, banking that those at risk will still get both doses of the two-dose vaccine even if it is less convenient.

Dr. Ted Long, senior vice president at New York City Health + Hospitals, the citys public hospital system, said he was working on a proposal to bring back the vans which administered 3,330 doses at 72 different sites to offer both vaccines and other sexual health care in the future. The city has classified monkeypox as a sexually transmitted infection, because it has been spreading primarily through sexual contact, particularly among men who have sex with men.

Our goal with the mobile units is always to use them to tear down every conceivable barrier that we can to make it as easy for you to get vaccinated and as easy for you to get protected as possible, he said.

The city health workers who have spent months visiting clubs expressed mixed emotions as they worked last weekend. Showered with gratitude by those getting doses, they said they would miss helping and educating people about the disease. But they also said the numbers of people getting doses had fallen as the outbreak receded.

At the House of Yes, 11 people got vaccinated Thursday night. On Sunday night at the Eagle NYC, a leather bar in Manhattan, 14 people did.

Among them was Karim Walker, 43, who lives in East New York, Brooklyn, and works in a law firm in Lower Manhattan. He had to travel to the Bronx to get his first dose in July, and had a one- word answer for why he had not yet gotten his second dose.

Timing, he said.

While we would love for anything to be extended, this was an emergency operation, and emergencies end, said Jennifer Medina Matsuki, who normally directs H.I.V. outreach for the health department but since June 18 has been spending nights educating people about monkeypox. Still, she said, she was relieved that this emergency didnt become something larger.

When monkeypox was first diagnosed in New York at the end of May, it was not clear it would go this way. The federal government had developed a new smallpox vaccine that would work against monkeypox, but most of it was in a Danish factory, not ready to be shipped. Testing was hard to access, and health providers needed to be educated about a disease that had never spread globally at this scale.

As for the vaccine, there was limited research showing how well it would work against monkeypox. The citys initial vaccine rollout was marred by glitches and doses went disproportionately to white residents. But the combination of voluntary behavior change, vaccine doses and immunity caused by infection has dramatically slowed cases, both in New York and nationally.

Across the nation, there are now about 25 cases a day being reported, down from a peak of about 450 per day on Aug. 7. Even so, the White House has not declared victory.

While we are seeing decreases nationally, theres still some areas where were seeing some embers that are glowing, said Dr. Demetre Daskalakis, the deputy coordinator of the White Houses monkeypox response. Were not done with the work that we need to do to really get us to the goal of no domestic transmission in the United States.

Case rates remain higher among Black and Hispanic men than among white men, and some southern states, like Texas, have had less success in reducing cases than New York, according to Centers for Disease Control data. Monkeypox is also causing serious disease in people with H.I.V. and has led to at least 11 deaths across the country. The concern is that the disease will continue to circulate among those most vulnerable and occasionally flare into outbreaks.

In New York City, the news is largely good. The flood of patients that sexual health clinics saw this summer has slowed to a trickle, said Dr. Jason Zucker, an infectious disease specialist at Columbia University Irving Medical Center.

But racial disparities remain in who has been vaccinated, and Black men in particular are behind. Health care providers also still have to reach tens of thousands of people who need second doses, which cannot be given until 28 days after the first.

To date, the city has administered about 100,000 first doses and 50,000 second doses of the vaccine, enough to help bring the citys outbreak to the tail end, said Peter Meacher, chief medical officer at the Callen Lorde sexual health clinic.

Still, the city estimated in July that 150,000 New Yorkers were at high-risk for the disease, so tens of thousands of them remain unvaccinated. New York City, the early epicenter of the national outbreak, has recorded about 3,800 virus cases since May. Nationally, there have been about 29,000 cases since the outbreak began, and the disease continues to spread globally.

A particular focus of the mobile units was commercial sex parties, which represent some of the highest-risk settings for monkeypox transmission. Most gay bathhouses in New York City shut their doors during the AIDS epidemic, but over the years, they were replaced by sex parties that operate in low-key or clandestine venues.

As the citys gay population was hit hard by monkeypox this summer, the main sex parties voluntarily closed their doors for between six weeks and two months, said Joseph Osmundson, a microbiologist at New York University, who helped to act as a liaison between the parties and the city. When the parties reopened in early September, the city stationed vaccine vans a discreet distance away.

Partygoers flocked to the vans. At one party, Inferno, about 60 percent of attendees lined up to get shots on the first night, Dr. Long said. At a G.B.U., or Golden Boys University party, 102 people got a vaccine dose when the party reopened on Sept. 9, said Garline Almonord, the supervisor of the vaccine minibus that night.

It was exciting to see that many people around, she said.

Infection numbers did not spike as the sex clubs reopened, said Dr. Long. As the weeks passed, traffic to the vans lessened as most attendees said they had already been vaccinated. By last weekend, at G.B.U.s clandestine Brooklyn location, only four people had received doses by 1 a.m.

For those people, however, the presence of the van was a relief. Ronald Cortez, 38, came to get a shot at about 11:30 p.m. He said he had the first shot in August, but lost track of time and did not get the second.

Hieronimo Torres, 26, who works at the door checking IDs, got his first dose, knowing it was the vans last night at the party. Ive been meaning to do it, he said.

Nate Schweber contributed reporting.

See the rest here:

NYC Ends Monkeypox Emergency and Mobile Vaccine Vans - The New York Times

1. Reports of Mpox disease following recent vaccination  News-Medical.Net
2. CDC Studies Support Mpox (Monkeypox) Vaccine as Safe and Effective  MyChesCo
3. Jynneos mpox vaccine provided strong protection against infection, new CDC data show  STAT
4. Two doses of Jynneos vaccine significantly effective in treating monkeypox  Medical Dialogues
5. CDC says Jynneos vaccine offers strong protection against mpox  UPI News
6. View Full Coverage on Google News

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Reports of Mpox disease following recent vaccination - News-Medical.Net

A smallpox (Modified Vaccinia Ankara (MVA)) vaccination* is being offered to people who are most at risk right now to help protect them against monkeypox.

As monkeypox is caused by a virus similar to smallpox, vaccines against smallpox are expected to prevent or reduce the severity of the monkeypox infection.

The Joint Committee on Vaccination and Immunisation (JCVI) has recommended using the MVA vaccine more widely in those at risk to help also reduce spread of the infection.

There is a limited supply of the MVA vaccine, so initially, one dose is being offered to those at highest risk first. As more vaccine supplies become available, more people will be offered the first dose of the vaccine.

Additional supplies are expected soon and those next in line will be offered the vaccine as soon as soon as it becomes available.

*The vaccine you are being given is called Imvanex in the UK and Europe, Jynneos in the US and Imvamune in Canada. These all contain the same MVA vaccine and are made by the same company.

The UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA) currently recommends that MVA is offered to:

healthcare workers who are caring for and who are due to start caring for a patient with confirmed monkeypox(2 doses are normally required). This includes some staff in sexual health clinics who are assessing any suspected cases

gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men (GBMSM) at highest risk of exposure. Your doctor or nurse will advise vaccination for you if they consider you are at high risk for example if you have multiple partners, participate in group sex or attend sex on premises venues. Staff who work in such premises may also be eligible

people who have already had close contact with a patient with confirmed monkeypox. Vaccination with a single dose of vaccine should be offered as soon as possible (ideally within 4 days of contact but sometimes maybe given up to 14 days

Because of the limited supply, only one dose of vaccine will be offered now to as many eligible people as possible. It is important to come forward for your first dose as soon as you are invited. If the outbreak continues a second dose may be advised later by your doctor to those at on-going risk.

Although more people have been diagnosed with monkeypox recently, the number of people overall in the UK remains low and the risk of catching monkeypox is extremely low.

The infection is only transmitted easily by close and intimate contact, including skin to skin contact. Therefore the vaccine is only being offered to those people who are likely to have very close or frequent contact with cases. By offering vaccine to these individuals, it is hoped that spread of the infection will be curtailed, thus reducing the risk to the whole population.

The vaccine is not being offered to healthcare staff who work in non-specialist wards or clinics, even those in frontline services and Accident and Emergency. These staff are at very low risk of exposure and they should take additional precautions if they are asked to see any suspected cases.

The vaccine is also not being offered to GBMSM who have fewer partners who have much lower chance of coming into close contact with a case.

The MVA vaccines are not made to be routinely used in any country, so global supplies are limited.

The UK has secured a limited supply to cover this outbreak and the vaccine batches will become available as each batch is manufactured and supplied. So every dose is needed to protect those at highest risk and to help curtail the outbreak.

Some sexual health services will be contacting those men that are likely to be at highest risk, for example those who have had a recent sexually transmitted infection, to come in first.

Other services will offer vaccine alongside other appointments, for example for HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP).

Once more vaccine supply becomes available, people outside of these initial groups will be considered.

In the meantime, gay and bisexual men should be aware of the risks and symptoms of monkeypox and be careful when attending events and situations where close contact may occur.

The MVA vaccine is being offered in some specialist sexual health clinics and for healthcare workers from their employer.

Visit NHS.UK to find your local clinic.Stay at home and call 111 for advice if youre not able to contact a sexual health clinic.

The MVA vaccination is only available through the NHS to eligible groups and it is a free vaccination.

Please try to attend the sexual health clinic you are offered. If you cannot attend that clinic you may have to wait to get the vaccine in a more convenient location.

You can read the smallpox MVA vaccination guide for the full vaccine information.

You will get more information on the vaccine from the leaflet available on the European Medicines Agency website.

Read the original post:

Monkeypox: waiting for your vaccination - GOV.UK

When should I get the second dose?

Get the second dose of the two-dose vaccine at least four weeks after the first dose. Do not try to get a second dose early, as this may result in decreased effectiveness of the vaccine.

You will start to build protection in the days and weeks after your first dose, but the vaccine wont have its full effect until approximately two weeks after the second dose.

This is an emerging outbreak, so we dont yet know how much protection the vaccine can give. Please consider other recommendations, including decreasing the number of sex and intimate contact partners to protect yourself from monkeypox even if fully vaccinated.

Yes, if you received the first dose at a community event more than 28 days ago, you may receive a second dose at the Sexual health Clinic at Harborview or another private provider if vaccines are available.

More here:

Monkeypox vaccine - King County