Category: Flu Virus

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WHO expects to declare end to pandemic sometime in 2023 as virus …

March 20, 2023

The World Health Organization said Friday that it expects to be able to declare an end to the COVID-19 pandemic sometime in 2023 as the illness becomes more like seasonal flu.

A threat to health, a virus that will continue to kill. But a virus that is not disrupting our society or disrupting our hospital systems, and I believe that that will come, WHO Director General Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus told reporters at a Geneva briefing.

The news comes a week after the three-year anniversary of the WHOs original declaration of a global pandemic and on a day when fresh evidence emerged suggesting the virus came from animal to human transmission and did not escape from a Chinese laboratory, as the Associated Press reported.

A group of scientists examined genetic data from samples collected at a market close to where the first human cases of the coronavirus were detected in the city of Wuhan. The samples were not previously available, but were found by a French biologist who spotted them after they were uploaded to the worlds biggest public virus database by in late January by scientists at the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention; the data have since been removed from the database.

These data do not provide a definitive answer to how the pandemic began, but every piece of data is important to moving us closer to that answer, Tedros told reporters.

He also criticized China for not sharing the genetic information earlier, adding that this data could have and should have been shared three years ago.

The news comes a day after Dr. Anthony Fauci, former head of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases until he retired late last year, told MSNBCs Morning Joe show that most of the information coming from Wuhan suggested the virus came from an animal.

Like Tedros, Fauci emphasized that it was still not definitive and that scientists should keep an open mind.

Rather than fighting about it, we should try and absolutely find out which it is, he said. But in the meantime, do whatever you can to prevent either option from happening again.

Fauci also highlighted the importance for Americans to keep up with vaccination against COVID and lamented that less than 20% of those eligible for new updated boosters that target the omicron subvariant and its many sublineages along with the original virus have got that shot.

Weve got to do better than that, he said, especially as the daily death toll is still around 400 and sometimes as high as 500.

We know that if you compare unvaccinated people with vaccinated people, with regard to hospitalizations and death, there is an overwhelming and dramatic difference of a greater likelihood of hospitalization and death among the unvaccinated, he said.

Boosted people have the best protection against severe disease, while unvaccinated people are still at risk of dying a preventable death.

Fauci also said he expects vaccination to become an intermittent event, much like the flu vaccine which people get once a year.

Dont miss: How a nasal vaccine could reduce the risk of COVID infectionsand new variants

Other COVID-19 news you should know about:

Deaths of pregnant women in the U.S. fell in 2022, dropping significantly from a six-decade high during the pandemic, new data suggests, the AP reported. More than 1,200 U.S. women died in 2021 during pregnancy or shortly after childbirth, according to a final tally released Thursday by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. In 2022, there were 733 maternal deaths, according to preliminary agency data, though the final number is likely to be higher.

China reopened its borders to tourists and resumed issuing all visas this week as it tries to revive tourism and its economy following a three-year halt during the COVID-19 pandemic, the AP reported. China is one of the last major countries to reopen its borders to tourists. The announcement Tuesday came after itdeclared a decisive victory over COVID-19in February.

A Food and Drug Administration advisory committee voted 16-1 on Thursday that the benefits of Pfizers PFE, -0.67% COVID antiviral Paxlovid outweigh the risks in adults who are at high risk of severe disease. The FDA is not required to follow the advice of the committee but often does. Paxlovid is a medication that first received emergency-use authorization in December 2021. It can be prescribed to teens and adults who are at high risk of progressing to severe disease. We are encouraged by the AMDACs positive vote today, James Rusnak, chief development officer of the internal medicine, anti-infectives and hospital business at Pfizer, said in a statement. The outcome is well supported by the strong safety and efficacy data seen both in our clinical trials and in a growing base of real-world evidence.

The FDA said this week that children between the ages of 6 months and 5 years old can now get a booster dose of BioNTech BNTX, -1.76% and PfizersCOVID-19 bivalent vaccine. The third shot should come no sooner than two months after the primary series of three shots. Its for children who received the primary series of three original shots. Since December, some children could get a bivalent shot as the third injection in the primary series.

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WHO expects to declare end to pandemic sometime in 2023 as virus ...

The Flu Is Bad This Year. Here’s Why | Time

March 17, 2023

This winter has brought a cold reminder that SARS-CoV-2 isnt the only virus we need to think about. After two winters during which influenza was subdued by pandemic precautions, the last few months have shown that the flu is still a major public health threat that can overwhelm busy hospitals and cost thousands of lives.

This flu season is no 100-year outbreak. But its the most severe flu season since the start of the pandemic. It looks very similar to some of the worst seasons in the past 10 years, says John Huddleston, a staff scientist in the Bedford Lab at Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, where he tracks the evolution of influenza viruses.

Huddleston compares the 2022-2023 flu season to one of the worst flu seasons over the last decade: 2014-2015. During the peak of that season, the rate of hospitalization reached 9 per 100,000 people, while in this season, the highest mark so far has been 8.7, during the week that ended Dec. 3. By comparison, during the peak of the flu season last year, the rate was only 1.2 per 100,000 people.

Its too soon to tell for certain, but the current flu season may also have a similar death toll to the other most severe years of the last decade. As of Jan. 13, the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has estimated that between 16,000 and 48,000 flu people have already died from the flu this season; the final tally could approach or surpass the 52,000 deaths in the 2017-2018 season, or the 51,000 counted during 2014-2015.

Even though this winter is comparable to other recent severe flu seasons, this one has been particularly challenging for health care workers, says Dr. Panagis Galiatsatos a pulmonary and critical care medicine physician at Johns Hopkins Medicine in Baltimore, Md. Thats because the U.S health workforce is still coping with burnout and understaffing worsened by the pandemic. The biggest difference that makes this year seem horrible, is that healthcare systems are probably just running on fumes. COVID has burnt us out, says Galiatsatos. Were just so beaten, were just so tired.

Even if youre not a health care worker, the current flu season may seem particularly severe, and to be infecting more people you know than usual. In part, that is because this flu season began unusually earlybut on the positive side, it may have also peaked earlier. While flu seasons often peak in January or February, researchers believe this one peaked in December. One reason it hit so fast in late 2022, according to the CDC, is because fewer people contracted the flu during the first two years of the COVID-19 pandemic, leaving them more likely to get the virus now. Huddleston agrees: Its just an increased pool of people that are susceptible to infection.

This altered timeline may also have affected the publics preparations for the flu. Galiatsatos says one reason that this year has been so bad is that some people may have gotten flu while waiting to get the flu vaccine, as they didnt expect the outbreak to hit so early. This, in turn, may have been the reason flu-related hospitalization spiking in Octoberusually, that doesnt happen until November.

Annual vaccination is the best way to increase your immunity to season flu, but this year only 40% of U.S. adults got the shots between Oct. 30 and Nov. 26., according to CDC data. Further, the fact that weve been a little spoiled without a bad flu season for a few years, says Galiasatos, means population-wide immunity was likely down in late 2022 compared to previous flu seasons.

For now, the flu is declining in most of the U.S., according to the CDCs Jan. 13 Weekly U.S. Influenza Surveillance Report. However, the big unknown, says Huddleston, is whether the early start of the flu season could mean theres a chance for a second peak, which has occurred in some flu seasons, including in 2018-2019.

Correction, Jan. 20

The original version of this story misstated the name of John Huddlestons workplace. It is the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, not the Fred Hutch Medical Center.

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The Flu Is Bad This Year. Here's Why | Time

Viral gastroenteritis (stomach flu) – Symptoms and causes

March 17, 2023

Overview

Viral gastroenteritis is an intestinal infection that includes signs and symptoms such as watery diarrhea, stomach cramps, nausea or vomiting, and sometimes fever.

The most common way to develop viral gastroenteritis often called stomach flu is through contact with an infected person or by consuming contaminated food or water. If you're otherwise healthy, you'll likely recover without complications. But for infants, older adults and people with compromised immune systems, viral gastroenteritis can be deadly.

There's no effective treatment for viral gastroenteritis, so prevention is key. Avoid food and water that may be contaminated and wash your hands thoroughly and often.

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The stomach, small intestine and large intestine (colon) are part of your digestive tract, which processes the foods you eat. Viral gastroenteritis is an inflammation of these organs caused by a virus.

Although it's commonly called stomach flu, gastroenteritis isn't the same as influenza. The flu (influenza) affects only your respiratory system your nose, throat and lungs. Gastroenteritis, on the other hand, attacks your intestines, causing signs and symptoms such as:

Depending on the cause, viral gastroenteritis symptoms may appear within 1-3 days after you're infected and can range from mild to severe. Symptoms usually last just a day or two, but occasionally they may last up to 14 days.

Because the symptoms are similar, it's easy to confuse viral diarrhea with diarrhea caused by bacteria, such as Clostridioides difficile, salmonella and Escherichia coli, or parasites, such as giardia.

If you're an adult, call your health care provider if:

See your child's health care provider right away if your child:

If you have an infant, remember that while spitting up may be an everyday occurrence for your baby, vomiting is not. Babies vomit for a variety of reasons, many of which may require medical attention.

Call your baby's doctor right away if your baby:

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You're most likely to get viral gastroenteritis when you eat or drink contaminated food or water. You may also be likely to get gastroenteritis if you share utensils, towels or food with someone who has one of the viruses that cause the condition.

Many viruses can cause gastroenteritis, including:

Noroviruses. Both children and adults are affected by noroviruses, the most common cause of foodborne illness worldwide. Norovirus infection can sweep through families and communities. It's especially likely to spread among people in confined spaces.

In most cases, you pick up the virus from contaminated food or water. But it can also spread between people who are in close contact or who share food. You can also get the virus by touching a surface that's been contaminated with norovirus and then touching your mouth.

Rotavirus. Worldwide, this is the most common cause of viral gastroenteritis in children, who are usually infected when they put their fingers or other objects contaminated with the virus into their mouths. It can also spread through contaminated food. The infection is most severe in infants and young children.

Adults infected with rotavirus may not have symptoms, but can still spread the illness. This is of particular concern in institutional settings such as nursing homes because adults with the virus unknowingly can pass the virus to others. A vaccine against viral gastroenteritis is available in some countries, including the United States, and appears to be effective in preventing the infection.

Some shellfish, especially raw or undercooked oysters, also can make you sick. Contaminated drinking water is a cause of viral diarrhea. But in many cases the virus is passed when someone with a virus handles food you eat without washing his or her hands after using the toilet.

Gastroenteritis occurs all over the world and can affect people of all ages.

People who may be more susceptible to gastroenteritis include:

Each gastrointestinal virus has a season when it's most active. If you live in the Northern Hemisphere, for instance, you're more likely to have rotavirus or norovirus infections in the winter and spring.

The main complication of viral gastroenteritis is dehydration a severe loss of water and essential salts and minerals. If you're healthy and drink enough to replace fluids you lose from vomiting and diarrhea, dehydration shouldn't be a problem.

Infants, older adults and people with weakened immune systems may become severely dehydrated when they lose more fluids than they can replace. Hospitalization might be needed so that lost fluids can be replaced through an IV in their arms. Dehydration can rarely lead to death.

The best way to prevent the spread of intestinal infections is to follow these precautions:

Wash your hands thoroughly. And make sure your children do, too. If your children are older, teach them to wash their hands, especially after using the toilet.

Wash your hands after changing diapers and before preparing or eating food, too. It's best to use warm water and soap and to rub hands well for at least 20 seconds. Wash around cuticles, beneath fingernails and in the creases of the hands. Then rinse thoroughly. Carry sanitizing wipes and hand sanitizer for times when soap and water aren't available.

When you're traveling in other countries, you can become sick from contaminated food or water. You may be able to reduce your risk by following these tips:

Jan. 18, 2022

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Viral gastroenteritis (stomach flu) - Symptoms and causes

What Is H3N2 Flu? What You Need to Know About the Deadly Outbreak

March 17, 2023

An outbreak of H3N2 flu in India has left at least two people dead, according to health officials in the country. The virus is known for causing severe illness in young children and older adults. So its only normal to wonder what exactly H3N2 is, and what you can do to protect yourself from the swine flu variation.

Health experts in India are calling for people to wear masks, practice careful hand hygiene, and get a flu shot if they havent already. While the current outbreak is happening across the globe, its captured the attention of people outside of the country given how easily infectious diseases can spread. The H3N2 strain tends to be particularly hard on vulnerable populations, says infectious disease expert Amesh A. Adalja, M.D., senior scholar at the Johns Hopkins Center for Health Security.

That said, flu season in the U.S. is currently wrapping upthe Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) notes that seasonal flu activity is low across the country, although the most frequently reported flu cases were H3N2. According to CDC estimates, there have been at least 26 million flu illnesses, 290, hospitalizations, and 18,000 deaths from flu this season so far.

Sure, with everything weve been through over the past three years, its understandable to feel a little nervous when you hear about an outbreak. So, do you need to worry about H3N2 in the U.S.? Heres the deal.

In general, H3N2 is a strain of the flu that you want to avoid, if possible. But experts point out that the U.S. just faced a flu season with H3N2.

H3N2 flu viruses began circulating in people in 1968, according to Penn Medicine, and have evolved in the decades since. While H3N2 viruses tend to hit vulnerable populations hard, anyone can get it.

When you have seasons that are dominated by H3N2, you tend to see more flu-related deaths, Dr. Adalja says.

H3N2 is a strain of seasonal fluit has been the dominant strain in this years influenza season, including in the U.S., Dr. Adalja says. India just appears to be having a later peak than in the U.S.H3N2 already came and went in the U.S. flu season.

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Dr. Adalja says its unlikely well see H3N2 again this season, despite how rapidly its spreading in India. People have immunity because of exposure from this season, Dr. Adalja points out. With flu season coming to an end in the U.S., its also unlikely that H3N2 would double back, he says.

Consider this, too, per Dr. Adalja: H3N2 was one of the strains included in the flu shot. So, if you got your flu vaccine, you should be covered.

Given that H3N2which is a form of influenza Awas the dominant strain of the flu in the U.S. this season, there is a chance that we could see a little bump in flu cases caused by influenza B before flu season wraps up, says Thomas Russo, M.D., a professor and the chief of infectious diseases at the University at Buffalo in New York. Theres a tendency to have B rear its ugly head later in the season, he explains.

Symptoms of H3N2 tend to be the same as other forms of the flu. According to the CDC, those can include:

H3N2 is treated the same way as other strains of the flu, Dr. Adalja says. That means it may be treated by one of four anti-viral medications approved by the Food and Drug Administration for flu:

How to protect yourself against the H3N2 flu

Its best to get your flu shot in the fall or even early winter, Dr. Adalja says (at this point, its likely youve been exposed to the fluand, again, the threat has mostly passed).

Its also a good idea to keep following common sense flu prevention guidelines, like practicing good hand hygiene (knowing how to wash your hands) and doing your best to stay away from people who are coughing and sneezing, says William Schaffner, M.D., an infectious disease specialist and professor at the Vanderbilt University School of Medicine. If you do happen to come down with the flu, call your doctor. You can still get treated with an antiviral medication, he says.

Dr. Russo emphasizes the importance of good hand hygiene, regardless of the season. Its a good thing to do year-round to minimize the risk youll get infected with myriad infectious agents we have, he says. When winter is gone, we have all our summer viruses. Hand hygiene is always a good strategy.

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What Is H3N2 Flu? What You Need to Know About the Deadly Outbreak

Bad dog! Pets could give you the flu or an even worse virus

March 17, 2023

Get ready for some ruff news.

Pets can easily contract and spread serious disease like the flu, experts warn.

Virologists found that two dogs in southern China had been carrying mutant strains of the influenza C virus, a disease that commonly infects people children especially Scientific American reports.

People have previously spread illnesses like the flu to their dogs, but these new mutations are alerting scientists that diseases like the flu may now be spreading dog to dog. There is concern that these pups could also spread the diseases back to humans as well.

We have sort of ignored dogs and cats as potential reservoirs or intermediate hosts, said Cornell University animal virologist Colin Parrish, who runs a research group that studies pups for respiratory illnesses.

Although it is reportedly too soon to tell if influenza C will become an issue in dogs, Parrish suggests that more monitoring could be done really, really simply to stay on top of further emerging diseases.

In tandem with this news, NPR recently reported that a new coronavirus, CCoV-HuPn-2018, can be transmitted from dogs to people.

The new strain already found in Arkansas, Haiti, Malaysia and Thailand came as an initial surprise to the scientific community. Dog and cat coronaviruses were not thought to infect people, Ohio State University virologistAnastasia Vlasova previously told the outlet.

She and other scientists like John Lednicky, an environmental and global health professor at the University of Florida, have been observing otherwise as of late.

[This coronavirus] probably circulates widely around the world, but no one has paid attention to it, he told NPR, adding that people who spend time frequently around dogs might have caught the virus especially those who enjoy close encounters with mans best friend.

Additionally, and after studying plucked ticks from his cat, Lednicky speculates that another pet spread disease is flying under the radar to humans as well: Heartland virus.

As the rarely reported diseases symptoms mimic influenza, Lednicky added that [Heartland] probably been diagnosed as a flu or something else in many cases.

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Bad dog! Pets could give you the flu or an even worse virus

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