Category: Covid-19

NEW YORK -- Americans who test positive for covid-19 no longer need to stay in isolation for five days, U.S. health officials announced Friday.

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention changed its long-standing guidance, saying that people can return to work or regular activities if their symptoms are mild and improving and it's been a day since they've had a fever.

The change comes at a time when covid-19 is no longer the public health menace it once was. It dropped from being the nation's third leading cause of death early in the pandemic to 10th last year.

Most people have some degree of immunity to the coronavirus from vaccinations or from infections. And many people are not following the five-day isolation guidance anyway, some experts say.

"Our goal here is to continue to protect those at risk for severe illness while also reassuring folks that these recommendation[s] are simple, clear, easy to understand, and can be followed," said Dr. Mandy Cohen, the CDC's director.

However, some experts worry that the change may increase the risk of infection for older people and others who are more vulnerable to getting seriously ill.

Covid-19 is not causing as many hospitalizations and deaths as it did in the first years of the pandemic. The change in guidelines is an effort to streamline recommendations so they are similar to long-standing recommendations for flu and other respiratory viruses. Many people with a runny nose, cough or other symptoms aren't testing to distinguish whether it's covid-19, flu, or something else, officials say.

It may not be as stringent, but the guidance emphasizes that all people with respiratory symptoms should stay home while they are sick, said Dr. David Margolius, the head of Cleveland's health department.

People are likely still contagious when they test positive, and that hasn't changed, said Jennifer Nuzzo, director of the Pandemic Center at Brown University's School of Public Health.

"What has changed is how much covid is harming us as a population," Nuzzo said.

Officials noted that some other countries and California and Oregon have eased isolation guidance in a manner similar to CDC's latest change -- and did not see an increase in cases.

Under the new guidelines, if you have symptoms, stay home until your symptoms are mild and improving and it's been a day since you've had a fever. But then you can remain cautious by wearing a mask and keeping a distance from others.

However, the CDC guidance for workers at nursing homes and other health care facilities is staying the same. That includes a recommendation that medical personnel stay home at least seven days after symptoms first appear, and that they test negative within two days of returning to work.

The agency is emphasizing that everyone should still try to prevent infections in the first place, by getting vaccinated, washing their hands, and taking steps to bring in more outdoor fresh air.

The change in guidance has drawn some opposition, and even some who understand the rationale for the change have concerns.

"My biggest worry in all of this is that employers will take this change in guidance to require employees to come back to work ... before they are ready to, before they feel well enough, and before they are not likely to pose harm to their co-workers," Nuzzo said.

Covid-19 remains especially dangerous to older people and those with other medical conditions. There are still more than 20,000 hospitalizations and more than 2,000 deaths each week due to the coronavirus, according to the CDC. Those 65 and older have the highest hospitalization and death rates.

This week, the CDC said seniors should get another dose of the updated covid-19 vaccine.

Schools will not necessarily change their rules. Schools and child care providers have a mixed record on following CDC recommendations and often look to local authorities for the ultimate word. And sometimes other goals, such as reducing absences, can influence a state or district's decisions.

When California eased its guidance, it encouraged kids to come to school when mildly sick. It also said students who test positive for covid-19 but don't have any symptoms can attend school.

The change in isolation guidelines is not the first. The CDC originally advised 10 days of isolation, but in late 2021 cut it to five days for Americans who catch the coronavirus and have no symptoms or only brief illnesses. Under that guidance for the general public, isolation only ended if a person had been fever-free for at least 24 hours without the use of fever-reducing medications and if other symptoms were resolving.

Information for this article was contributed by Bianca Vzquez Toness of The Associated Press.

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CDC lifts covid isolation advisory | Arkansas Democrat Gazette - Arkansas Online

"The bottom line is that when people follow these actionable recommendations to avoid getting sick, and to protect themselves and others if they do get sick, it will help limit the spread of respiratory viruses, and that will mean fewer people who experience severe illness," Dr. Demetre Daskalakis, director of the National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, said in a statement. "That includes taking enhanced precautions that can help protect people who are at higher risk for getting seriously ill."

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CDC releases new guidance ending 5-day isolation period for recovering COVID-19 patients - KAKE

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has recommended that people 65 and older get a second dose of the updated COVID-19 vaccine this spring to restore waning immunity.

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If you're in this age group, you are able to get an additional dose if its been at least four months since your previous shot.

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It seems pretty clear that vulnerable people are losing their immunity in less than a year, so now seems like a good time to get an updated shot, saysStuart C. Ray, MD, a professor in the division of infectious diseases at the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine in Baltimore. He notes that vaccine effectiveness can begin to fade after about 90 days.

There is a gradual loss of immunity and an increased likelihood of getting symptomatically infected again, and the protection drops off faster the more vulnerable you are, says Dr. Ray.

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I take care of people with infectious disease at Johns Hopkins, and Im still seeing people with bad symptoms from COVID, and consistently these are people who have not recently been vaccinated, says Ray.

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If you are vaccinated and still get infected, the symptoms of the illness are usually less harsh. Vaccination also cuts your chances of suffering the effects of long COVID, which can develop during or following acute infection and last for an extended duration.

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Everyone 6 months or older is eligible to get an updated COVID-19 vaccine. Even if youre not among those most susceptible to serious illness, the shot not only protects you but helps prevent transmitting the virus to those who are more likely to experience more harmful consequences.

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[7]

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I think theres a lot of misinformation and thats unfortunate, says Ray. Im not sure how to counter that except by continuing to communicate what the science is showing and that were trying to do our best to keep people safe.

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Adults 65 and Up Should Get a COVID-19 Booster This Spring, CDC Says - Everyday Health

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The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) announced its recommendation that people at higher risk for the most severe complications of COVIDprimarily those ages 65 and olderget a booster shot this spring. The CDCs recommendation comes soon after the agencys Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices voted in support of the additional dose.

The advisers stated that another round of the vaccine given within the next few months would offer the best protection possible ahead of another likely rise in cases this summer. COVID is spreading year-round now at substantial levels, explains Richard Watkins, M.D., an infectious disease physician and professor of medicine at the Northeast Ohio Medical University. Antibody levels decrease over time, so it is important to keep up-to-date with boosters and vaccines.

Its important for those at high risk of hospitalization to remain up to date with vaccinations, says Amesh A. Adalja, M.D., senior scholar at the Johns Hopkins Center for Health Security, as the vaccine is highly effective at preventing severe disease. Over two-thirds of [hospital] admissions are in those 65 years or older, he notes.

The booster that will be offered to the at-risk groups this spring will have no change in the formulation since last fall, says Dr. Adalja. Rest assured, the same vaccine appears to protect against the current dominant variant JN.1, says Dr. Watkins.

The next round of shots is recommended for those 65 years and older whose last vaccination dose was at least four months ago, and at least three months since their last COVID infection, says Dr. Adalja.

As far as those who are immunocompromised but are younger than 65, Dr. Watkins says that they must wait at least two months between vaccine doses and should discuss their risks with their physician.

While buzz surrounding the virus appears to have waned, COVID continues to spread in the community and remains a significant threat to the health of older people and those with chronic illnesses, says Dr. Watkins.

The best way to keep yourself protected from the virus and long COVID complications is to stay on top of all of your vaccine doses, wash your hands, and wear a well-fitting mask when indoors during times of high transmission (like a kN95 or N95). If you have any questions about your eligibility for available vaccines, contact your doctor.

This article is accurate as of press time. However, as the COVID-19 pandemic rapidly evolves and the scientific communitys understanding of the coronavirus develops, some of the information may have changed since it was last updated. While we aim to keep all of our stories up to date, please visit online resources provided by the CDC, WHO, and your local public health department to stay informed on the latest news. Always talk to your doctor for professional medical advice.

Madeleine, Preventions assistant editor, has a history with health writing from her experience as an editorial assistant at WebMD, and from her personal research at university. She graduated from the University of Michigan with a degree in biopsychology, cognition, and neuroscienceand she helps strategize for success across Preventions social media platforms.

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CDC: Older Adults Should Get Another COVID Shot This Spring - Prevention Magazine

(CNN) People age 65 and older should get an additional dose of the current COVID-19 vaccine, the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommends.

The agencysindependent vaccine advisersvoted Wednesday to recommend the additional shot, and CDC Director Dr. Mandy Cohen endorsed the recommendation.

The vote of CDCs Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices was 11 yes and one no, with one person abstaining.

Under the new recommendation, people 65 and older can receive an additional dose of any updated COVID-19 vaccine at least four months after the previous shot.

The current COVID-19 vaccine, which was updated last fall, is considered highly effective. Early estimates from CDC studies show that although there has been no substantial waning yet, protection will wane over time. However, the protection offered by any vaccine disappears even quicker in older people because their immune systemsdont respond as well.

The initial proposal used the word may, but the committee changed the language to should to emphasize how important it is to get vaccinated against COVID-19.

Although 98% of the U.S. population has some kind of immunity to COVID-19, whether from infection, vaccination or both, that gives only some protection against infection or severe disease, CDC epidemiologist Dr. Ruth Link-Gelles told the advisers during Wednesdays meeting.

It doesnt protect absolutely, she said.

What the vaccines are doing now is providing an incremental benefit or an extra benefit beyond whatever benefit someone has remaining from their past infection or past vaccination, and we know that protection from past vaccination and past infection wanes, Link-Gelles said. Thats important for all people in the United States but especially important for those that are the highest risk.

Data from the CDC shows that throughout the pandemic, older adults have been the most vulnerable to the severe effects of COVID-19.

COVID-related hospitalizations for adults 65 and older have been consistently higher than for all other age groups. About two-thirds of COVID hospitalizations are people in this age group, CDC data shows. Seniors also make up the greatest proportion of those who died in a hospital with COVID and have the highest numbers of deaths even after theyve been discharged.

Of older adults hospitalized with COVID, the highest percentage had no record of any vaccination against the coronavirus since the original shot, according to data from last fall that was presented to the committee Wednesday.

The vaccine is recommended for everyone ages 6 months and older, but data from the CDC shows that people havent been getting the shots.

Strong evidencefrom new research shows that the vaccine can not only prevent severe disease but maycut the chances of getting a symptomatic infection by half, including against JN.1, the most common circulating variant of the virus. Yet only about 21% of adults and about 12% of children have gotten the vaccine since its update in September, according to theCDC.By comparison, nearly half of adults and kids in the United States have gotten a flu vaccine this season.

The National Immunization Survey shows that most Americans still consider COVID-19 vaccines to be safe and important, but peoples confidence in the vaccine has fallen from 83.9% in January 2022 to 69.6% last month.

Disease risk perception has also changed, according to the survey, and fewer adults say they are moderately or very concerned about getting COVID. Despite the general perception, COVID is still very much a threat, particularly to vulnerable populations like older people and those with underlying conditions.

There were about 20,000 new hospital admissions and 2,000 COVID-19 deaths a week as of the week ending February 17, CDC representatives told the advisory committee. Even when numbers were at their lowest last summer, there were still about 500 COVID-19 deaths per week.

Part of the problem may be that doctors arent always advising their patients to get a COVID shot. TheNational Immunization Surveyshows that in January, relative to 2021, fewer people said their providers encouraged them to get the vaccine.

It is shocking to see that 30% to 40% of the higher-risk populations at least for elderly, and I think its a similar number for immunocompromised are getting the updated vaccine, said advisory committee member Dr. Camille Kotton, clinical director of transplant and immunocompromised host infectious diseases at Massachusetts General Hospital.

Kotton thinks Americans have been confused about whether they should get the vaccine and thinks health leaders need to be clearer about the recommendations.

For me, this is a life and death situation for many of the patients that I take care of, she said.

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CDC recommends seniors get another COVID-19 shot - Indianapolis News | Indiana Weather | Indiana Traffic - WISH TV Indianapolis, IN

Lockdowns put in place during the COVID-19 pandemic impacted the gut microbiome development of babies born during the period, according to a study conducted in Ireland.

The study published in the journal Allergy Thursday is the first to explore the gut health of babies born during the pandemic, according to the Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland. The gut microbiome is an ecosystem of microbes that live in our digestive tract and it plays an important role in human health.

Researchers analysed feacal samples from 351 babies born in the first three months of the pandemic and compared these with pre-pandemic samples.

The new study showed there were significant differences in the development of microbiomes in the guts of babies born during the pandemic and those born before. Also, the babies born during lockdown had lower than expected rates of allergic conditions, the study found.

Pandemic babies got gut health benefits because of lower rates of infection (and, therefore, antibiotic use) and increased duration of breastfeeding, according to the study. These newborns were found to have acquired more beneficial microbes after birth from their mothers. These microbes could play a protective role against allergic diseases.

This study offers a new perspective on the impact of social isolation in early life on the gut microbiome. Notably, the lower allergy rates among newborns during the lockdown could highlight the impact of lifestyle and environmental factors, such as frequent antibiotic use, on the rise of allergic diseases. We hope to re-examine these children when they are 5 years old to see if there are longer-term impacts of these interesting changes in the early gut microbiome, said Jonathan Hourihane, joint senior author of the study, in a press statement.

According to Liam OMahony, joint senior author, while all of us start our lives sterile, these beneficial microbes develop in the gut over the first years of life. With social distancing and other restrictions in place, the complexity of early life exposures was reduced, and this facilitated a more accurate identification of early life exposures.

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COVID-19 lockdowns impacted gut microbes, allergies in newborns: Study - The Indian Express

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Older adults should get the COVID-19 vaccine more frequently than previously recommended, according to new guidance from the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Health officials are urging people ages 65 and older to receive another vaccine dose in the spring, or at least four months after their most recent dose.

CDC director Dr. Mandy Cohen announced the decision after a CDC advisory committee, which is made up of independent vaccine and infectious disease experts, voted 11-1 to make the change. An additional vaccine dose can provide added protection that may have decreased over time for those at highest risk, she said in a statement.

The decision is based on data presented by CDC scientists that showed current hospitalization rates for COVID-19 are highest among seniors, with the biggest spikes occurring among those 75 years and older. People 65 and older account for 67% of hospitalizations due to COVID-19. (The CDC previously recommended that most people get a COVID-19 vaccine once a year. )

The committee reviewed new data showing that the current COVID-19 shot is effective against currently circulating variants including JN.1 , even though it targets XBB. People who were vaccinated with the latest shot made fewer trips to urgent care and emergency rooms for COVID-19-related symptoms, and were less likely to be hospitalized than those who did not receive the shot. But vaccine protection wanes over time, so getting another dose will help prevent serious outcomes in the most vulnerable.

Read More: Why It's So Hard to Get Kids Vaccinated Against COVID-19

I was convinced by the data that there is significant protection with an additional dose at this time, says Dr. Wilbur Chen, professor of medicine at the University of Maryland School of Medicine and a member of the committee. This recommendation isnt for the entire population, but for high-risk segments of the population. We are trying to improve their protection as much as possible and wanted to afford those over 65 years the opportunity to get a second dose.

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One challenge to achieving that, however, is that uptake of the newest COVID-19 vaccine has been low. Though about 40% of seniors have gotten it so farthe highest rate out of any age groupit still means more than half of a very vulnerable group are not up to date. The low demand is fueling decreased access, says Chen, since more doctors offices are deciding not to provide the shot because their patients arent asking for it. Now that the government is no longer providing the vaccines for free, many people who are under- or uninsured are not getting immunized.

Chen says the committee members hope that older adults and health care providers alike receive the strong message behind the recommendation and take it seriously. As we enter the warmer months, while we usually see flu and RSV disappear, in previous summers we still saw 500 deaths a month, he says. Thats a lot of deaths, and we need to act on that.

Contact us at letters@time.com.

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Why Older Adults Need Another COVID-19 Shot - Yahoo Canada Sports

This photo taken on Jan. 6, 2024 shows a minke whale in the Amundsen Sea. (Photo by Li Jingshi/Xinhua)

"Suddenly field support was cut and operations were halted, causing delays of at least one or two years, with some considerably longer, and the cancellation of some field projects," Liggett said.

WELLINGTON, March 3 (Xinhua) -- A New Zealand research published on Saturday found that the COVID-19 pandemic has had a profound impact on scientific research, tourism and policy-making in Antarctica.

The pandemic has caused significant impacts to the region, which accounts for 10 percent of the Earth's surface and has a significant impact on the global climate, the research showed.

The profound impacts included those on international cooperation and governance in Antarctica, research funding, fieldwork operations and career development for scientists working in the region.

Many people mistakenly think the Antarctic escaped the impact of the global pandemic, but the reality was quite different, said University of Canterbury School of Earth and Environment Associate Professor Daniela Liggett.

Two Hagglund all-terrain Antarctic vehicles are seen at the International Antarctic Center in Christchurch, New Zealand, April 21, 2019. (Xinhua/Guo Lei)

"At the time, the Antarctic was looked at as an enclave that was spared due to its remoteness and extreme environment, but this wasn't the case," said Liggett, lead author of the research.

COVID-19 first reached Antarctica in December 2020, with tourism operations and research fieldwork ceased in the 2020-2021 season.

One of the key concerns raised in the paper is the governance of the region, Liggett said, adding the Antarctic and Southern Ocean is governed by Antarctic Treaty parties, and as a consensus-based system, the parties had already been under pressure for not responding fast enough to challenges posed by climate change issues.

The researchers also found that the pandemic caused significant disruptions to scientific progress and placed substantial hardship on Antarctic researchers.

"Suddenly field support was cut and operations were halted, causing delays of at least one or two years, with some considerably longer, and the cancellation of some field projects," Liggett said.

This photo taken on Jan. 12, 2024 shows a seal in the Amundsen Sea.(Photo by Li Jingshi/Xinhua)

This interrupted long-term observations that require annual data to be collected to understand the trends relating to areas such as climate change, and impacts on ecosystems and atmospheric phenomena, she said, adding the delays and cancellations have been further aggravated by funding cuts, resulting in the early retirement of experienced staff.

The authors believe new approaches to research were also explored, such as increased use of remote sensing technologies for data collection and efforts to increase data sharing and collaboration due to lockdowns and limited international travel.

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Study highlights impacts of COVID-19 on Antarctic research, governance - Xinhua

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Exploring the Correlation Between Splenomegaly and Lung Involvement in COVID-19: A Retrospective Study - Cureus

Source of data

The study participants were identified from the Diagnosis Procedure Combination (DPC) inpatient database, which is an administrative claims database in Japan. This database includes more than 1000 hospitals, including all 82 university hospitals, and covers more than half of all admissions in the country16. The DPC database provides information on various aspects such as diagnosis and comorbidities at hospital admission and cause of death coded according to the International Classification of Disease and Related Health Problems, 10th Revision (ICD-10)17. It also includes patient information such as age, gender, Body Mass Index (BMI), admission and discharge status, ADL at admission and discharge, and a comorbidity score known as the Charlson Comorbidity Index18, which is updated for risk adjustment19,20. This study was performed in accordance with the ethical principles laid down in the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki, and was approved by the ethics committee of Tokyo Medical and Dental University (No. M2000-788). The requirement for informed consent was waived by the ethics committee of Tokyo Medical and Dental University due to the anonymous nature of the data.

In 2020, there were 338,256 pneumonia-related cases as any of a primary diagnosis during hospitalization, reason for admission, or disease that required the highest medical care cost in the DPC database. The inclusion criteria for this study were patients who were at least 18years old, had a hospital stay of at least 24h, and had either COVID-19 or pneumonia as the primary diagnosis for hospitalization (Fig. S1). COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 pneumonia were recognized with the ICD-10 codes. Several exclusion criteria were applied, including second or subsequent admissions, death within 24h of admission, a BMI less than 15 or greater than 50, incomplete information on BMI, ADL, and admission type (emergent or non-emergent), patients with aspiration pneumonia, and patients who initiated hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis during hospitalization. A total of 123,378 patients were included before matching, comprising 66,692 non-COVID-19/ND patients, 54,132 COVID-19/ND patients, 1894 non-COVID-19/D patients, and 660 COVID-19/D patients. After a propensity score matching (PSM), 2136 patients were divided into four subgroups, each consisting of 534 patients (Fig. S1).

Patients who received maintenance hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis were recognized with the coding of patient care procedures as follows: chronic maintenance hemodialysis with<4h per session,4h and<5h per session,5h per session, or chronic maintenance hemodiafiltration or continuous peritoneal dialysis. One COVID-19/D patient was dependent of both hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis and the remaining dialysis patients were on maintenance hemodialysis. There were 13 patients post transplantation, including 7 post kidney transplant, 5 post stem cell transplant, and 1 post liver transplant patients.

The Barthel Index scores at admission and discharge were calculated based on 10 functional abilities: feeding, bathing, dressing, grooming, toileting, bowel control, bladder control, chair transfer, ambulation, and climbing stairs21. The Barthel Index ranges from 0 to 100 points, with the highest scores indicating greater independence in physical functions and lower scores indicating a more bedridden status. The Barthel Index scores were used to classify the level of dependence into four groups: total dependence (020 points), severe dependence (2160 points), moderate dependence (6190 points), and mild dependence or complete independence (91100 points)22,23. In addition, other clinical data on inpatients were collected, including age, gender, BMI, dialysis dependency, the updated Charlson Comorbidity Index excluding renal disease20,23, comorbidities, and admission type (emergency or non-emergency). The age groups used in the analysis were 1849, 5059, 6069, 7079, and greater than 80years24.

The primary outcome of this study was the occurrence of in-hospital deaths from any cause. The secondary outcome was a decline in physical function, defined as a decrease of at least 20% in the Barthel Index score at discharge compared to that at admission. We also evaluated a risk of death directly from pneumonia or death due to other diseases. The database identified deaths from COVID-19 or non-COVID-19 pneumonia as a primary diagnosis during hospitalization or those from other reasons. Other outcomes included hospital length of stay and medical care cost. The long-term hospitalization was defined as a stay of 30days or longer. The high medical cost was defined as the highest quartile of participants. Patients were followed until discharge, transfer, or in-hospital death20.

Baseline characteristics were presented as numerical values (%) or medians (interquartile ranges). The Wald confidence interval for proportions was examined. We estimated the propensity score using a logistic regression model. To minimize potential confounding effects, differences in age (1849, 5059, 6069, 7079, and greater than 80years) and sex were adjusted. Based on the propensity score using a 1:1 scheme, Non-COVID-19/D patients (prematching, N=1894; postmatching, N=534) were first matched with COVID-19/D patients (prematching, N=660; postmatching, N=534). Subsequently, COVID-19/ND (prematching, N=54,132; postmatching, N=534) and Non-COVID-19/ND patients (prematching, N=66,692; postmatching, N=534) were adjusted with each COVID-19/D patient. The caliper width used for matching was set at 0.25 of the standard deviation of the propensity score. The cumulative hazard after hospitalization for pneumonia was assessed using the NelsonAalen estimator among the four groups. The log-rank test was used for a statistical comparison. Risks of mortality or functional decline were estimated using logistic regression analyses among postmatching patients, adjusting for age, gender, BMI, Barthel Index score at admission, and Charlson Comorbidity Index score. Statistical analyses were performed using JMP Pro 12.0 software (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, USA). p-values of less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant.

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Impact of COVID-19 versus other pneumonia on in-hospital mortality and functional decline among Japanese dialysis ... - Nature.com