Category: Covid-19 Vaccine

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Fauci reveals activities he will, won’t do after COVID-19 vaccination – Business Insider

April 9, 2021

For most of 2020, the little socializing Anthony Fauci did involved the neighbors right next door.

Fauci has lived in the same neighborhood in northwest Washington, DC, for more than 40 years, and the combination of his busy schedule and pandemic safety concerns confined his social life to a small radius.

"I haven't gotten the day off in a year and three months," Fauci told me recently.

When Fauci and his wife did gather with neighbors, they took no chances: The households stayed socially distanced and outdoors, even in the fall and winter when the weather got chilly.

"Whenever we would get together, we would do it outside, freezing our butts off, wearing a mask, having a dinner or having a drink outside on my deck," he said.

Then Fauci, who has served as director of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases since 1984,got vaccinated. In a much-photographed moment (see above), he got his first Moderna shot on December 22. In the months that followed, others in his age bracket followed suit.

Being fully vaccinated, Fauci said, has changed his behavior but only slightly.

The biggest shift is that he and his neighbors have finally moved the party indoors: "We feel very comfortable in the house with no masks, and we can have physical contact and things like that," he said.

But for now, he still won't eat indoors at a restaurant or go to a movie theater.

"I don't think I would even if I'm vaccinated go into an indoor, crowded place where people are not wearing masks," Fauci said.

He's not planning any travel, either: "I don't really see myself going on any fun trips for a while," he said.

Fauci in Washington, DC, on February 25, 2021. Saul Loeb /AFP via Getty Images

Fauci's caution, he said, stems from the "interesting crossroads" at which the US sits.

A record number of people are getting vaccinated 3 million doses are now given daily, on average but the number of new infections being reported is still trending upward in 18 states. In Michigan, one of the worst hot spots, average daily cases have more than quadrupled in the past month.

"It's kind of a race between the vaccine and the possibility that there'll be another surge," Fauci said. So the more Americans are patient about their return to normal life, he said, the less likely we are to see a fourth case spike.

Some of Fauci's neighbors in August 2020. Bill O'Leary/The Washington Post via Getty Images

Like 64 million other Americans, Fauci is regularly assessing what is safe and unsafe as a vaccinated person in a country in which four out of every five people are not yet fully vaccinated. Rising US case rates complicate matters. In the last week, an average of more than 65,000 new cases has been reported per day a 14% increase from the country's seven-day average in mid-March.

Given all that, Fauci said his day-to-day life remains essentially unchanged from the way it was before he got his shots. He does not see being vaccinated as a green light to resume the myriad activities he and the rest of us have been deprived of.

Movie theaters where viewers remove their masks to snack on popcorn? Nope.

"That would still be of concern to me," Fauci said.

Bars and restaurants where maskless people are eating and drinking inside? Those are still off the table, too.

People sit in London's Bar Elba on September 24, 2020. Hannah McKay/Reuters

Fauci's behavior aligns with CDC guidelines, which say that vaccinated Americans should continue to wear a mask in public at all times and avoid medium- and large-sized in-person gatherings.

As has been the case throughout the pandemic, bars and restaurants are particularly risky. A recent CDC study found that a rural Illinois bar was the site of a superspreader event. At least 46 COVID-19 cases, one hospitalization, and a school closure affecting 650 children were linked to the bar's reopening in February.

Not all experts agree with Fauci and the CDC's levels of caution.

Dr. Leana Wen, an emergency physician in Baltimore, previously told Insider that the CDC guidelines for vaccinated people are "overly cautious."

"For individuals who are fully vaccinated, they may well decide to take on risk that other people may not be engaging in," she said. "So having policies to allow certain things back, I don't think is necessarily a bad thing."

A group of friends at Jonesy's Local Bar in Hudson, Wisconsin, on May 14, 2020. Jerry Holt/Star Tribune via Getty Images

Still, Fauci said it's important for all Americans both vaccinated and unvaccinated to continue avoiding crowds and socially distancing until we know for sure that vaccinated people don't spread the virus. Growing evidence suggests they don't, but being patient is how we'll "keep a lid" on cases, Fauci said.

Fauci has estimated that the threshold for herd immunity the point at which enough Americans are either vaccinated or immune to the virus from an infection to stymie its overall spread could be between 70% and 85% of the population.

"If we could just hold on for a while," he said, "we'll reach a point where the protection of the general community by the vaccine would really make it very unlikely that we're going to have another surge."

Vaccination rates in the US have doubled every month since February. If that trend continues, the country could reach that threshold as early as June.

So for Fauci, nights out on the town can wait until then.

The CDC announced Friday that vaccinated Americans can travel by plane, train, or bus in the US without needing to quarantine or get tested, as long as they wear masks.

I was thrilled, since the change meant I could finally make a plan to visit my 84-year-old grandmother in Minnesota. I'd been itching to see her for the past 12 months she's in a senior-living home, and it's been hard to hear her sound lonelier and lonelier on our daily phone calls. She has wanted to show me her balcony garden for months and walk together on Wayzata Bay.

So I asked Fauci if he, too, is planning any trips, in the hopes that he might share my excitement.

No such luck.

"I don't see that in my life," Fauci said. "When this is all over, then I'll worry about that."

Travelers wait to check luggage at Los Angeles International Airport on December 23, 2020. AP Photo/Marcio Jose Sanchez

He did say, though, that part of the reason he's changed his behavior only "very, very, very slightly" in the past few months is that he still doesn't have time to relax or recreate. His sporadic indoor meetups with a few friends and family members are all he can fit in.

"To be honest with you, I don't really have time to do anything else," he said.

So in part, Fauci's cautious approach is a product of a very lopsided work-life balance.

"I'm a very unusual person," he said.

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Fauci reveals activities he will, won't do after COVID-19 vaccination - Business Insider

COVID-19 vaccinations administered to over 100 homeless people in Columbus – WTVM

April 9, 2021

Leaders from Home for Good, a non-profit housing assistance program, also helped in getting the word out to the homeless population, picking some of them up and offering a ride to the shelter. Those who showed up had to fill out some paperwork, and were then well on their way to being vaccinated.

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COVID-19 vaccinations administered to over 100 homeless people in Columbus - WTVM

How to Handle Your COVID-19 Vaccination Card – NBC Bay Area

April 9, 2021

The small COVID-19 vaccination card is quickly becoming the must-have item of 2021.

But what should you do to protect your card? And what can you do if you lose it? We found some answers.

Treat your COVID-19 vaccine card like you treat your birth certificate or your passport. Thats the advice from FEMAs Angela Byrd, whos spent the last two months helping vaccinate 6,000 people a day at the Oakland Coliseum site.

"Keep it safe and tucked away," she said, before adding that you should also take a photo of it.

She said the more copies you have of your card digital or physical the better.

"Take the opportunity to get it laminated," she said.

Over at Oaklands Piedmont Copy & Printing shop, owner Fatima Yousuf said her shop has laminated up to 200 vaccination cards so far.

"Every day, like 5 to 10 customers daily, and theyre asking to get their card laminated," she said.

Her customers told her they want to be reassured the card is protected so they can take it when going on international trips or attending large events.

But Yousuf pointed out we still dont know if well need booster shots in the future and if that information will need to be added to our vaccine cards.

"Im suggesting people just make a copy, laminate that, and save the original as it is," she said.

Staples, Office Depot and Office Max stores are offering to laminate peoples vaccine cards for free, until the end of July.

What happens if you lose your card? The CDCsays theres no national organization keeping track of every vaccine record. Your best bet is to call up the facility that gave you the vaccine or reach out to Californias Immunization Registry to see if they can help you find your vaccine records.

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How to Handle Your COVID-19 Vaccination Card - NBC Bay Area

Josh Allen debating whether to get COVID-19 vaccine – NBC Sports

April 9, 2021

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The NFL will not mandate COVID-19 vaccines. Thus, it stands to reason, even with incentives offered to teams and players who are vaccinated, some players arent going to get a shot.

Bills quarterback Josh Allen could be one of those.

In an appearance on The Ringers 10 Questions With Kyle Brandt podcast, Allen said he has not had a vaccine and might not get one.

Im still debating that, Allen said, via Matt Parrino of nyup.com. Im a big statistics and logical guy. So, if statistics show its the right thing for me to do, Id do it. Again, Id lean the other way, too, if thats what it said. I havent been paying attention to it as much as maybe I should have. Ive just been doing my thing and masking up when Im going out and just staying close and hanging around family.

It is unclear what statistics Allen needs to see to convince him to get a shot. The Pfizer vaccine was shown a 95 percent efficacy rate in preventing symptomatic COVID-19, just 1 percentage point more than Modernas. The single-dose Johnson & Johnson vaccine was shown to have a 72 percent efficacy rate in the United States in preventing symptomatic illness and an 85 percent efficacy rate in preventing the most severe disease 28 days after vaccination.

Allen, 24, made clear hes against any kind of mandate.

I think everybody should have that choice to do it or not to do it, Allen said. You get in this tricky situation now where if you do mandate that thats kind of going against what our constitution says and the freedom to kind of express yourself one way or the other. I think were in a time where thats getting a lot harder to do. Everybody should have that choice.

However, the league expects to amend certain protocols for those who are vaccinated and for teams as a whole if certain vaccination levels are met, which will encourage (pressure?) players to get a COVID-19 shot.

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Josh Allen debating whether to get COVID-19 vaccine - NBC Sports

Oklahoma City VA expanding COVID-19 vaccinations to all veterans and caregivers & spouses; will hold Johnson & Johnson single dose event -…

April 9, 2021

OKLAHOMA CITY (KFOR) The Oklahoma City VA Health Care System is expanding COVID-19 vaccinations and will host a Johnson & Johnson one-dose event.

The Oklahoma City VA is expanding vaccinations to anyone who served in the military, as well as their caregivers and spouses and some beneficiaries. The SAVE LIVES Act that President Joe Biden signed on March 24 provides the VA authority for the expansion, according to an OKC VA news release.

Since the start of the pandemic, OKCVAHCS has been focused on vaccinating as many Veterans as possible, and we are excited to multiply our efforts thanks to the SAVE LIVES Act, said Wade Vlosich, Director, OKCVAHCS.

Individuals eligible for the vaccine under the SAVE LIVES Act can register for the vaccine at http://www.va.gov/health-care/covid-19-vaccine/stay-informed, where they can also find information on the VAs vaccine rollout process.

It is recommended those eligible to register at least 24 hours prior to walking in to receive the vaccine, the news release states.

Enrolled veterans can schedule an appointment to receive the vaccine by calling (405) 456-7119, option 2 or walk into the OKC VA Medical Center, 921 NE 13th St, between 6 a.m. and 5:30 p.m., Monday through Friday.

Veterans who are not enrolled can visithttps://www.va.gov/health-care/apply/application/introduction, call (877) 222-8387 toll free or visit one of OKC VAs local eligibility offices, located in the OKC VA Medical Center and the Lawton Community Based Outpatient Clinic, to apply for VA health care benefits.

One-shot Johnson & Johnson COVID-19 vaccines are available to veterans, their spouses and caregivers.

The OKC VA will hold aJohnson & Johnson Single Dose COVID-19 Vaccine Kick Off Walk-in Event onfrom 8 a.m. to 4 p.m. Saturday, April 10 at the Oklahoma City VA Medical Center.

Continued Coronavirus Coverage

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Farmers and Farm Workers Should Be Prioritized for COVID-19 Vaccine – Farm Bureau News

April 7, 2021

As essential workers, farmers and ranchers need quick access to the COVID-19 vaccine to ensure a stable food supply chain. Micheal Clements shares how the American Farm Bureau Federation is helping promote vaccine acceptance.

Clements: The American Farm Bureau Federation is helping farmers and ranchers, and farm workers, get the COVID-19 vaccine. AFBF Congressional Relations Director Allison Crittenden says they are doing so through the COVID-19 Community Corps.

Crittenden: So, its a group of organizations organized by the White House that are committed to fighting COVID-19 by promoting COVID-19 vaccination and making sure that the members of the different organizations understand the benefits and the effectiveness of the COVID-19 vaccine.

Clements: Crittenden says Farm Bureau is working at the grassroots level to get the word out about the importance of getting vaccinated.

Crittenden: We are making sure that these farmers and ranchers understand the benefits of the COVID-19 vaccine and have the appropriate tools to handle any sort of issues with vaccine hesitancy or concerns and questions about the vaccine. Through our work in the COVID Community Corps we have all kinds of messaging available to us that we plan to share with our state Farm Bureaus and all of our members in order to get the word out about the importance of getting the COVID-19 vaccine.

Clements: Deemed essential workers, Crittenden says it is important those in agriculture get the vaccine as soon as possible.

Crittenden: Farm workers and farmers are an essential part of our critical infrastructure. They never had the option to work from home. So, its important that they have access to the vaccine to ensure that they are protected while they are still going to work each day and still farming.

Clements: Micheal Clements, Washington.

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Farmers and Farm Workers Should Be Prioritized for COVID-19 Vaccine - Farm Bureau News

Clarity still needed on effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccine passports, says UN health agency – UN News

April 7, 2021

At this stage, we would not like to see vaccination passports as a requirement for entry or exit because we are not sure at this stage that the vaccine prevents transmissions, said WHO spokesperson Dr Margaret Harris, just ahead of World Health Day on 7 April 2021.

Dr. Harris added that vaccine passports may not be an effective strategy as not everyone has access to vaccines and there are groups in society who are excludedWe are still waiting on adequate supplies to provide the vaccines to all the countries that need them.

Highlighting how COVID-19 has impacted some people more than others, Dr. Harris said that the virus has really exposed the stark inequities in access to and coverage of health servicesGroups who already faced discrimination, poverty, social exclusion, difficult living and working conditions were the hardest hit by the pandemic.

For this years World Health Day, the UN agency has urged countries to build a fairer, healthier world post-COVID-19. Dr. Harris called for action to put in place policies and allocate resources so the most vulnerable groups can see their condition improve faster.

This means improving living conditions for all, tackling poverty and health inequities, building sustainable societies and strong economies, and promoting a more equitable sharing of resources, ensuring food security and nutrition and turning the tideon climate change. There is so much work to do, she said.

Latest WHOdatafromTuesday 6 April, at the time of posting,indicates that there have been 131,309,792 confirmed cases of COVID-19, including 2,854,276 deaths globally, reported to WHO.

By the end of 5 April, a total of 604,032,357 vaccine doses have been administered.

Regionally, infections and deaths remain highest in the Americas, with 56,880,123 confirmed cases, followed by Europe (46,085,310), South-East Asia (15,438,907), Eastern Mediterranean (7,785,717), Africa (3,126,037) and Western Pacific (1,992,953).

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Clarity still needed on effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccine passports, says UN health agency - UN News

Supply Of Johnson & Johnson Vaccine To Be Limited In Coming Weeks – NBC Connecticut

April 7, 2021

The state will receive a much lower number of Johnson & Johnson COVID-19 vaccines next week after the company reported production problems, and the supply issue could affect clinics.

The state Department of Public Health warned in Tuesday's COVID Vaccine Provider Bulletin that for the week of April 12 the state's allocation is only 6,400 doses. In comparison, last week's allocation was 53,900. DPH also warned that future allocations could be even lower.

Though the state will try to work with providers to find alternative options, clinics that require Johnson & Johnson may be delayed.

Last week, Johnson & Johnson had to discard a batch of vaccines after a key ingredient didn't meet quality control standards at a Baltimore facility. While that issue did not affect any shipments that came to Connecticut, it has delayed an anticipated increase in the supply of the company's vaccine.

COVID-19 Vaccination in Your State and County

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reports daily numbers on the percent of people fully vaccinated based on a person's county of residence.

State and local leaders have said the Johnson & Johnson vaccine is a key part of their strategy in reaching vulnerable populations because it takes only one shot to complete a vaccination. The city of Hartford is using it at walk-up clinics specifically targeting residents who may have barriers to accessing a vaccine otherwise, and it is also being used strategically in some mobile clinics.

A spokesman for Gov. Ned Lamont released the following statement:

"While the recent events at the J&J manufacturing plant have not affected any shipments that have already come into Connecticut and none of the J&J product currently in the state is compromised in any way, our J&J allocation for next week will be significantly lower than in past weeks. Last week, our State allocation was 53,900 doses. Next week, our allocation will be just 6,400 doses of J&J, and we have been told to anticipate that future weeks could be even lower before supply levels rebound. We are working with our providers to avoid disruption, and we believe that disruptions will be minimal."

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Supply Of Johnson & Johnson Vaccine To Be Limited In Coming Weeks - NBC Connecticut

Researchers Are Hatching a Low-Cost Covid-19 Vaccine – The New York Times

April 7, 2021

A new vaccine for Covid-19 that is entering clinical trials in Brazil, Mexico, Thailand and Vietnam could change how the world fights the pandemic. The vaccine, called NDV-HXP-S, is the first in clinical trials to use a new molecular design that is widely expected to create more potent antibodies than the current generation of vaccines. And the new vaccine could be far easier to make.

Existing vaccines from companies like Pfizer and Johnson & Johnson must be produced in specialized factories using hard-to-acquire ingredients. In contrast, the new vaccine can be mass-produced in chicken eggs the same eggs that produce billions of influenza vaccines every year in factories around the world.

If NDV-HXP-S proves safe and effective, flu vaccine manufacturers could potentially produce well over a billion doses of it a year. Low- and middle-income countries currently struggling to obtain vaccines from wealthier countries may be able to make NDV-HXP-S for themselves or acquire it at low cost from neighbors.

Thats staggering it would be a game-changer, said Andrea Taylor, assistant director of the Duke Global Health Innovation Center.

First, however, clinical trials must establish that NDV-HXP-S actually works in people. The first phase of clinical trials will conclude in July, and the final phase will take several months more. But experiments with vaccinated animals have raised hopes for the vaccines prospects.

Its a home run for protection, said Dr. Bruce Innis of the PATH Center for Vaccine Innovation and Access, which has coordinated the development of NDV-HXP-S. I think its a world-class vaccine.

Vaccines work by acquainting the immune system with a virus well enough to prompt a defense against it. Some vaccines contain entire viruses that have been killed; others contain just a single protein from the virus. Still others contain genetic instructions that our cells can use to make the viral protein.

Once exposed to a virus, or part of it, the immune system can learn to make antibodies that attack it. Immune cells can also learn to recognize infected cells and destroy them.

In the case of the coronavirus, the best target for the immune system is the protein that covers its surface like a crown. The protein, known as spike, latches onto cells and then allows the virus to fuse to them.

But simply injecting coronavirus spike proteins into people is not the best way to vaccinate them. Thats because spike proteins sometimes assume the wrong shape, and prompt the immune system to make the wrong antibodies.

This insight emerged long before the Covid-19 pandemic. In 2015, another coronavirus appeared, causing a deadly form of pneumonia called MERS. Jason McLellan, a structural biologist then at the Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, and his colleagues set out to make a vaccine against it.

They wanted to use the spike protein as a target. But they had to reckon with the fact that the spike protein is a shape-shifter. As the protein prepares to fuse to a cell, it contorts from a tulip-like shape into something more akin to a javelin.

Scientists call these two shapes the prefusion and postfusion forms of the spike. Antibodies against the prefusion shape work powerfully against the coronavirus, but postfusion antibodies dont stop it.

Dr. McLellan and his colleagues used standard techniques to make a MERS vaccine but ended up with a lot of postfusion spikes, useless for their purposes. Then they discovered a way to keep the protein locked in a tulip-like prefusion shape. All they had to do was change two of more than 1,000 building blocks in the protein into a compound called proline.

The resulting spike called 2P, for the two new proline molecules it contained was far more likely to assume the desired tulip shape. The researchers injected the 2P spikes into mice and found that the animals could easily fight off infections of the MERS coronavirus.

The team filed a patent for its modified spike, but the world took little notice of the invention. MERS, although deadly, is not very contagious and proved to be a relatively minor threat; fewer than 1,000 people have died of MERS since it first emerged in humans.

But in late 2019 a new coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, emerged and began ravaging the world. Dr. McLellan and his colleagues swung into action, designing a 2P spike unique to SARS-CoV-2. In a matter of days, Moderna used that information to design a vaccine for Covid-19; it contained a genetic molecule called RNA with the instructions for making the 2P spike.

Other companies soon followed suit, adopting 2P spikes for their own vaccine designs and starting clinical trials. All three of the vaccines that have been authorized so far in the United States from Johnson & Johnson, Moderna and Pfizer-BioNTech use the 2P spike.

Other vaccine makers are using it as well. Novavax has had strong results with the 2P spike in clinical trials and is expected to apply to the Food and Drug Administration for emergency use authorization in the next few weeks. Sanofi is also testing a 2P spike vaccine and expects to finish clinical trials later this year.

Dr. McLellans ability to find lifesaving clues in the structure of proteins has earned him deep admiration in the vaccine world. This guy is a genius, said Harry Kleanthous, a senior program officer at the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. He should be proud of this huge thing hes done for humanity.

April 7, 2021, 6:41 a.m. ET

But once Dr. McLellan and his colleagues handed off the 2P spike to vaccine makers, he turned back to the protein for a closer look. If swapping just two prolines improved a vaccine, surely additional tweaks could improve it even more.

It made sense to try to have a better vaccine, said Dr. McLellan, who is now an associate professor at the University of Texas at Austin.

In March, he joined forces with two fellow University of Texas biologists, Ilya Finkelstein and Jennifer Maynard. Their three labs created 100 new spikes, each with an altered building block. With funding from the Gates Foundation, they tested each one and then combined the promising changes in new spikes. Eventually, they created a single protein that met their aspirations.

The winner contained the two prolines in the 2P spike, plus four additional prolines found elsewhere in the protein. Dr. McLellan called the new spike HexaPro, in honor of its total of six prolines.

The structure of HexaPro was even more stable than 2P, the team found. It was also resilient, better able to withstand heat and damaging chemicals. Dr. McLellan hoped that its rugged design would make it potent in a vaccine.

Dr. McLellan also hoped that HexaPro-based vaccines would reach more of the world especially low- and middle-income countries, which so far have received only a fraction of the total distribution of first-wave vaccines.

The share of the vaccines theyve received so far is terrible, Dr. McLellan said.

To that end, the University of Texas set up a licensing arrangement for HexaPro that allows companies and labs in 80 low- and middle-income countries to use the protein in their vaccines without paying royalties.

Meanwhile, Dr. Innis and his colleagues at PATH were looking for a way to increase the production of Covid-19 vaccines. They wanted a vaccine that less wealthy nations could make on their own.

The first wave of authorized Covid-19 vaccines require specialized, costly ingredients to make. Modernas RNA-based vaccine, for instance, needs genetic building blocks called nucleotides, as well as a custom-made fatty acid to build a bubble around them. Those ingredients must be assembled into vaccines in purpose-built factories.

The way influenza vaccines are made is a study in contrast. Many countries have huge factories for making cheap flu shots, with influenza viruses injected into chicken eggs. The eggs produce an abundance of new copies of the viruses. Factory workers then extract the viruses, weaken or kill them and then put them into vaccines.

The PATH team wondered if scientists could make a Covid-19 vaccine that could be grown cheaply in chicken eggs. That way, the same factories that make flu shots could make Covid-19 shots as well.

In New York, a team of scientists at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai knew how to make just such a vaccine, using a bird virus called Newcastle disease virus that is harmless in humans.

For years, scientists had been experimenting with Newcastle disease virus to create vaccines for a range of diseases. To develop an Ebola vaccine, for example, researchers added an Ebola gene to the Newcastle disease viruss own set of genes.

The scientists then inserted the engineered virus into chicken eggs. Because it is a bird virus, it multiplied quickly in the eggs. The researchers ended up with Newcastle disease viruses coated with Ebola proteins.

At Mount Sinai, the researchers set out to do the same thing, using coronavirus spike proteins instead of Ebola proteins. When they learned about Dr. McLellans new HexaPro version, they added that to the Newcastle disease viruses. The viruses bristled with spike proteins, many of which had the desired prefusion shape. In a nod to both the Newcastle disease virus and the HexaPro spike, they called it NDV-HXP-S.

PATH arranged for thousands of doses of NDV-HXP-S to be produced in a Vietnamese factory that normally makes influenza vaccines in chicken eggs. In October, the factory sent the vaccines to New York to be tested. The Mount Sinai researchers found that NDV-HXP-S conferred powerful protection in mice and hamsters.

I can honestly say I can protect every hamster, every mouse in the world against SARS-CoV-2, Dr. Peter Palese, the leader of the research, said. But the jurys still out about what it does in humans.

The potency of the vaccine brought an extra benefit: The researchers needed fewer viruses for an effective dose. A single egg may yield five to 10 doses of NDV-HXP-S, compared to one or two doses of influenza vaccines.

We are very excited about this, because we think its a way of making a cheap vaccine, Dr. Palese said.

PATH then connected the Mount Sinai team with influenza vaccine makers. On March 15, Vietnams Institute of Vaccines and Medical Biologicals announced the start of a clinical trial of NDV-HXP-S. A week later, Thailands Government Pharmaceutical Organization followed suit. On March 26, Brazils Butantan Institute said it would ask for authorization to begin its own clinical trials of NDV-HXP-S.

Meanwhile, the Mount Sinai team has also licensed the vaccine to the Mexican vaccine maker Avi-Mex as an intranasal spray. The company will start clinical trials to see if the vaccine is even more potent in that form.

To the nations involved, the prospect of making the vaccines entirely on their own was appealing. This vaccine production is produced by Thai people for Thai people, Thailands health minister, Anutin Charnvirakul, said at the announcement in Bangkok.

In Brazil, the Butantan Institute trumpeted its version of NDV-HXP-S as the Brazilian vaccine, one that would be produced entirely in Brazil, without depending on imports.

Ms. Taylor, of the Duke Global Health Innovation Center, was sympathetic. I could understand why that would really be such an attractive prospect, she said. Theyve been at the mercy of global supply chains.

Madhavi Sunder, an expert on intellectual property at Georgetown University Law Center, cautioned that NDV-HXP-S would not immediately help countries like Brazil as they grappled with the current wave of Covid-19 infections. Were not talking 16 billion doses in 2020, she said.

Instead, the strategy will be important for long-term vaccine production not just for Covid-19 but for other pandemics that may come in the future. It sounds super promising, she said.

In the meantime, Dr. McLellan has returned to the molecular drawing board to try to make a third version of their spike that is even better than HexaPro.

Theres really no end to this process, he said. The number of permutations is almost infinite. At some point, youd have to say, This is the next generation.

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Researchers Are Hatching a Low-Cost Covid-19 Vaccine - The New York Times

Closing the gap – why I got the COVID-19 vaccine: Kyla Johnson – cleveland.com

April 7, 2021

CLEVELAND -- According to data from the Kaiser Foundation, Black people made up 12% of Ohios total population and 13% of total COVID-19 cases but as of March 29, had only received 7% of vaccinations.

This is an issue, as Black and Hispanic people are about three times more likely than white people nationally to become hospitalized due to COVID, and about two times more likely to die from it. When minorities are more at risk for deadly outcomes, equality does not equate to equity.

COVID-19 vaccine rollout plans should have been heavily targeted toward these populations from the beginning, and they were not. However, due to recent efforts like the federal mass vaccination site at Cleveland State Universitys Wolstein Center, numbers are beginning to reflect our population. Nearly 17% of Black people in Ohio have now received at least one dose of COVID-19 vaccine.

Vaccine hesitancy is a concern. In the United States, many Black people rightfully have deep-rooted feelings of mistrust with the health care system, reflecting historical atrocities, such as the Tuskegee syphilis experiment. Truthfully, disparities today, including the alarming number of Black women dying related to pregnancy and childbirth complications, show that we dont have to take a trip down memory lane to remind ourselves that this mistrust is valid, and warranted.

I spoke with Dr. Emmitt Jolly, chair-elect of the Case Western Reserve University Department of Biology, and an alum of Tuskegee University, about these problems.

Dr. Jolly said: We cant let the issues of our past limit the success of our future. Unfortunately, most of what people in Cleveland know about Tuskegee University is its connection to the syphilis testing. But as a student there, I refused to let those dark days of the past limit my present chances to get a top-notch education and to achieve a successful career studying infectious diseases. Be aware of the past, but take all the steps you can to protect yourself and your friends and family today.

In fact, we have found that vaccine hesitancy is not the root problem -- lack of access and misinformation are. A study last fall found that 41% of Black adults knew little to nothing about how vaccines are created, and 30% knew little to nothing about how they actually work.

A step in the right direction would be providing more education on herd immunity and how, similar to the historic election of President Joe Biden and Vice President Kamala Harris, we cant achieve it without Black people. A recent article by Debra Furr-Holden, associate dean for public health integration at Michigan State University, lays it out clearly: For herd immunity to serve as a layer of protection for the United States, at least 70% of the population must get vaccinated. According to the U.S. Census Bureau, 60% of the population is white; therefore, even if every white person in the United States received the vaccine, minority buy-in is absolutely necessary for the country to regain some kind of normalcy.

So, with all this in mind, as a Black woman, who works on vaccine development for infectious diseases and closely with the actual SARS-CoV-2 virus as part of my work, I decided to get the vaccine because of the facts: The fact that I am at risk of contracting the virus and of having poorer outcomes because of my race and health care access. The fact that I have seen too many people who look like me afflicted by this virus. And the fact that, by getting this vaccine, Im doing my part to return to normalcy.

Do Black Americans have a reason to be hesitant due to our countrys current infrastructure? Of course. But those odds stacked against us, the ones producing health disparities, make it that much more imperative that we protect ourselves. And that health care professionals and officials put in the work to ensure we have access to the resources.

Kyla Johnson is studying for a masters in public health degree at Case Western Reserve University and is a technician in the Flow Cytometry Core, which provides analysis and sorting of cells.

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Closing the gap - why I got the COVID-19 vaccine: Kyla Johnson - cleveland.com

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