Category: Covid-19 Vaccine

Attacking COVID-19: Pros and cons of vaccines and treatments

A quick look at the five main COVID-19 treatments, with advantages and limitations of each.

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More than a quarter of students in Pueblos two public K-12 school districts have been fully vaccinated against the coronavirus, according to data compiled by the state.

Just over 27% of students who attend schools in Pueblo School District 60, which covers the city of Pueblo, are fully immunized, data compiled by the Colorado Department of Education and the Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment show.

Not far behind, the data for Pueblo County School District 70 show 26.8% of its student body has been vaccinated.

Statewide, about 40.5% of students were fully vaccinated as of April 1.

More: Pueblo colleges to require students, staff to be vaccinated, test weekly or seek exemption

Pueblo D60 and Pueblo D70 rank 67th and 71st respectively out of 186 school districts in Colorado for levels of fully vaccinated students.

The Connect Charter School, a Pueblo D70 charter middle school, has the highest percentage of fully vaccinated students of any school in Pueblo County, according to state data. Over 53 percent of Connect students are fully vaccinated.

Centennial High School is the most vaccinated high school in the two districts, with 51.4% of its students fully vaccinated.

Bradford Elementary School and Avondale Elementary School are among the least vaccinated schools in Pueblo County. At Bradford Elementary, 7.4% of students are fully vaccinated. Avondale Elementary's student population is 7.8% fully vaccinated.

Vaccines were authorized for children aged 12 to 18 in May last year, and for five- to 11-year-olds in October 2021.

More: Here's where children's COVID vaccines will roll out in Pueblo

Vaccination rates in Pueblo's schools were calculated by matching student records with Colorado Immunization Information System records.

Nearly 97%of student records were matched by CDPHE withan immunization record, the state health department said.

In addition to being broken down by school district, vaccination rates werealso categorized by individual school and grade levels.

The rates were shared on theCDPHE's online dashboardto try to increase transparency and keepparents, schools, districts and public health officials informed, the CDPHE said.

"(Reporting vaccination data) is especially important for parents of children with weakened immune systems and educators/school staff with immunocompromising conditions who have daily contact with students," according to CDPHE.

More: What about the medically fragile? Pueblo health director concerned by D70 COVID-19 plan

Seven of the 10 most vaccinated schools in Pueblo County are high schools, according to state data.

The ColoradoSchool COVID-19 vaccine data dashboard is updated every Friday.For more information, visit theColoradoSchool COVID-19 vaccine data dashboard.

Pueblo Chieftainreporter James Bartolo can be reached by email at JBartolo@gannett.com

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Over a quarter of Pueblo students are vaccinated against COVID-19 - Pueblo Chieftain

American attitudes toward scientific expertise have become increasingly contentious in recent years. But many people across the political spectrum still place high levels of trust in their personal physicians. Correspondingly, both popular media and public health officials have encouraged physicians to serve as strong advocates for COVID-19 vaccination.

At the same time, however, there have been several cases of doctors expressing skepticism about vaccines in the media. Though the American Medical Association found that 96% of physicians reported being fully vaccinated against COVID-19 in June 2021, some high-profile physicians have spread misinformation about vaccine safety. Some patients have also reported that their personal physicians discouraged them from getting vaccinated on both medical and non-medical grounds.

One conservative group of doctors called the American Association of Physicians and Surgeons, which counts Republican Senator and ophthalmologist Rand Paul among its members, offers several examples of how some physicians actively promote vaccine skepticism.

Following the 2015 Disneyland measles outbreak, AAPS shared a press release falsely linking the measles, mumps and rubella vaccine to autism in children, a claim based on fraudulent research that the scientific community has widely discredited. The group has also taken legal action to encourage parental noncompliance with childhood vaccine mandates, using misinterpreted data to suggest that COVID-19 vaccines are uniquely dangerous compared to other vaccines.

While groups like AAPS do not represent the views of most physicians, these examples raise an important question: Just how prevalent is physician vaccine hesitancy, and why might some physicians hold negative views toward vaccines?

As political science and health policy researchers studying vaccine hesitancy, we wanted to answer this question. Our recent study found that the same factors thought to encourage hesitancy in the general public like having right-leaning political views might also motivate physician opposition to vaccination.

In May 2021, we asked 625 primary care physicians nationwide about their general attitudes toward vaccines and whether they believed vaccines are safe, effective and important. We also asked PCPs how much confidence they had in the safety of the Moderna, Pfizer-BioNTech and Johnson & Johnson COVID-19 vaccines, which were each authorized for emergency use in the U.S. at the time. Respondents answered these questions on a scale ranging from strongly agree to strongly disagree.

We also surveyed potential factors that could influence physician attitudes toward vaccines. These included political ideology, previous infection with COVID-19, religiosity and standard demographics like gender, race, ethnicity and income.

On the surface, our results provide some reassuring news for using physicians as leading vaccine promoters. We found that only 5.2% of PCPs were unvaccinated against COVID at the time of our survey, echoing the findings of the American Medical Associations June 2021 survey. In addition, our results suggest that PCPs views toward vaccines are overwhelmingly positive 88% of physicians agreed or strongly agreed that vaccines in general are safe. Likewise, 90% of physicians agreed that vaccines are effective, and 89% agreed that vaccines are important. When we compared our PCP responses to responses from the general public on the same questions, we found that PCPs are 19% more likely to strongly agree that vaccines are safe and 16% more likely to strongly agree theyre effective.

Digging deeper into the data, however, reveals some troubling trends. Even if most physicians are well-positioned to serve as vaccination advocates, our results still suggest that 10.1% of PCPs do not agree that vaccines in general are safe. Similarly, 9.3% do not agree that all vaccines are effective, and 8.3% do not agree that they are important.

PCP political leanings and previous health experiences may help explain why some hold negative views toward vaccination. We found that politically conservative PCPs and those who previously contracted COVID-19 were 19% less likely to believe that vaccines in general are safe and effective.

We found similar results when examining confidence in the three COVID-19 vaccines available in the U.S. at the time, a little over six months after the first vaccine was authorized. Approximately 90% of PCPs were either very confident or confident in the safety of the Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna vaccines. Still, 9.5% and 8.7% lacked confidence in the safety of the Moderna and Pfizer-BioNTech vaccines, respectively. Only 68% of physicians expressed confidence in the Johnson & Johnson vaccine, likely due to reports of its relatively lesser effectiveness at the time.

Our research finds that physician vaccine hesitancy is more prevalent than vaccination campaigns may have assumed. Vaccine hesitancy among physicians is also likely motivated by the same factors that encourage hesitancy in the general public. This potentially poses a problem for vaccination efforts that rely on physicians to promote vaccine uptake.

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Nevertheless, our work offers room for potential optimism and ways to improve vaccine confidence in this group.

Partisanship, for example, plays an important role in shaping vaccine hesitancy. Consequently, tactics shown to improve vaccine attitudes in the general public such as highlighting GOP politicians with more positive views toward vaccination could potentially increase support for vaccination among physicians as well. In our view, studying ways to encourage vaccine enthusiasm among PCPs could help move the needle on vaccine uptake in the U.S.

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The 1 in 10 U.S. doctors with reservations about vaccines could be undermining the fight against COVID-19 - The Conversation Indonesia

Corbevax was developed in Houston by Doctors Peter Hotez and Maria Elena Bottazzi in conjunction with the Texas Children's Hospital Center for Vaccine Development.

It is being used in India for adults and 12 to 14-year-olds.More than 14 million adolescents in India have been vaccinated.It will also be delivered to Botswana.And Corbevax is being scaled for production in Botswana so it can be delivered in sub-Saharan Africa.Botswana has broken ground on a vaccine facility and hopes to have it up and running by 2026.

Hotez says, "we're hoping our vaccine makes a big difference to address this terrible global equity gap because that's where the variants of concern are arising.Delta arose out of an unvaccinated population in India and Omicron and the BA.2 out of an unvaccinated population in southern Africa.If we're going to halt these new variants of concern we're going to have to vaccinate the entire world and the hope is our vaccine becomes a key technology for that."

Corbevax has been licensed to an entity in Indonesia and Bangladesh and they're talking to other countries. Doctors Hotez and Bottazzi do not hold a patent and will not profit off the vaccine.

Hotez says he got his MD and Ph.D. 40 years ago to make vaccines for poorer countries."To be able to make this contribution now is extraordinarily gratifying."He is also thankful for the corporate and individual donors who helped make Corbevax possible."This would not have happened if we had not come to Texas.As I often like to say, Texas is a hub for science and innovation."

Corbevax is vegan.There are no animal or human cell lines used in the production of the vaccine.It costs about $1.90 a dose and is based on an older vaccine platform.It has not been approved in the United States but Hotez wishes it was."We would love to make this vaccine available in the United States.We are getting emails from people saying they would love to use our technology because it is similar to the Hepatitis B vaccine that they already gave their kids.We just don't have that US partner right now."

Houston Democratic Congresswoman Lizzie Fletcher has nominated doctors Hotez and Bottazzi for the Nobel Peace Prize in recognition of their work developing a low-cost COVID-19 vaccine designed to be accessible around the world.

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More nations to use Texas based Covid-19 vaccine - KRLD

Could computer models be the key to better COVID vaccines?  Nature.com

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Could computer models be the key to better COVID vaccines? - Nature.com

A recent study posted to the medRxiv* preprint server assessed the effectiveness of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccines against the hospitalization of infected patients.

Various studies have reported on the efficient protection provided by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines against the severity of SARS-CoV-2 infections. However, several reports suggest reduced vaccine effectiveness against the hospitalization of SARS-CoV-2 Delta-infected patients even post booster dose. Therefore, extensive research is needed to understand the duration of vaccine protection against severe disease.

In the present study, researchers evaluated the effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines in reducing hospitalization of patients testing polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-positive for SARS-CoV-2 Omicron and Delta variants.

The team utilized a test-negative case-control study design to calculate vaccine effectiveness in patients aged 18 years and above against COVID-19 hospitalization after testing PCR-positive for SARS-CoV-2. Data were collected from hospital and public health laboratories (Pillar 1) and community testing (Pillar 2) in England. Whole-genome sequencing, genotyping, and SARS-CoV-2 spike-gene target status were used to classify the obtained positive samples into Delta-infected and Omicron-infected groups. The study period for Delta infections was between 26 April 2021 and 3 January 2022, and for Omicron infections was between 22 November 2022 and 2 February 2022.

The testing data was linked to vaccination-related information and the demographic characteristics of the patients. The team also identified booster doses administered after 13 September 2021, or at least 84 days post the second dose.

Data related to emergency care admissions were identified from the emergency care dataset (ECDS), wherein the outcome was either the discharge of the patient to a ward, an intensive care unit (ICU), a coronary care unit or a high dependency unit. Furthermore, the team collected secondary care hospital admission data which were International Classification of Diseases (ICD)-10 coded with an acute respiratory illness (ARI) discharge diagnosis, identified by secondary uses service (SUS) 14 days before and two days after the date of admission.

The study results showed that a total of 409,985 tests were performed during the study period, among which 115,720 were case-patients, and 294,265 were controls. Approximately 44.2% of the cases and 11.7% of the controls were community tested first, and 38,150 cases and 31,552 controls were symptomatic.

The team found that the number of symptomatic ECDS admissions in the pillar 2 tests was significantly lower than that of SUS admissions among populations aged above 65 years. This difference was noticeably lower in the Omicron-infected cohort aged between 18 and 64 years. Also, for patients aged between 18 to 64 years, the proportion of SUS admissions reported to have an intervention during the hospital stay was higher for Delta-infected patients at 20.8% than for Omicron-infected patients at 2.5% and for the control cases at 4.4%.

For patients aged 65 years and above, vaccine effectiveness against COVID-19 related hospitalization using the ECDS data was 86% to 91% which rose to 93% to 95% when respiratory coding was used. Contrastingly, the vaccine effectiveness using the SUS data in the same age group was much lower but was highly identical to that against symptomatic infection, when zero hospital admission days or a non-primary respiratory diagnosis was considered.

When more specific SUS endpoints were evaluated, vaccine effectiveness improved to more than 88% to 93% and was similar to that calculated with the ECDS data. In patients aged 18 to 64 years, the ECDS data reported vaccine effectiveness of 75% to 80%. Notably, a substantial increase in vaccine effectiveness was observed with an increase in the length of hospital stay and with the use of supplemental oxygen.

The study findings showed that high levels of booster vaccine effectiveness were found against COVID-19 hospitalization in individuals infected with the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant. The vaccine efficacy was noted particularly among older patients more susceptible to severe COVID-19. However, substantial evidence reported limited waning of vaccine effectiveness three to four months post-administration of a booster dose.

medRxiv publishes preliminary scientific reports that are not peer-reviewed and, therefore, should not be regarded as conclusive, guide clinical practice/health-related behavior, or treated as established information.

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Effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines against hospitalization in those testing positive for Omicron and Delta variants - News-Medical.Net

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FDA approves , Pfizer, Moderna COVID shot , for people over 50.U.S. regulators are allowing people 50 and older to get another booster dose of the Pfizer or Moderna COVID-19 vaccine.The Food and Drug Administration's decision opens a fourth dose of the Pfizer or Moderna vaccines to those people at least four months after their previous booster.Until now, the FDA had cleared fourth doses only for people 12 and older who have severely weakened immune systems. .The FDA made the decision without input from its independent panel of experts that has wrestled with how much data is required to expand shots.If you get a booster too close together, its not doing any harm youre just not going to get much benefit from it, one expert said.Next week, the government will hold a public meeting to debate if everyone eventually needs a fourth dose, the Associated Press reported

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Fulton to add another site giving $100 COVID-19 vaccine incentives - The Atlanta Journal Constitution

Some groups of people will be able to receive their fourth and in some cases, their fifth dose of a COVID-19 vaccination.

Here's what you need to know about the "winter booster" program.

The Australian Technical Advisory Group on Immunisation (ATAGI) has recommended an additional vaccine dose for the following groups:

ATAGI says people in these categories are at the greatest risk of severe illness from COVID-19.

In the case of some severely immunocompromised people who received three doses as part of their primary vaccination series, followed by a booster, this program means they are now eligible for their fifth shot.

Four months.

But if you've had COVID-19 since receiving your booster shot, you have to wait until fourmonths after you acquired the infection.

People may be able to receive the vaccine after a shorter interval in special circumstances, but that wait time cannot be less than three months.

Pfizer and Moderna both of which as mRNA vaccines are ATAGI's preferred vaccines.

But the AstraZeneca vaccine can be used when someone can't have an mRNA vaccine for medical reasonsor if they decline one.

Novavax is also approved to be administered as a fourth dose, but only if no other vaccine is considered suitable for that person.

That depends.

The federal government says you must have had "all doses recommended for your age and health needs" to be considered up to date with your COVID-19 vaccination.

People who are considered severely immunocompromised are recommended to have an additional booster, however, because the Australian Immunisation Register doesn't contain any information on medical conditions, only a total of three doses will be counted as being up-to-date in this sub-group.

Yes.

The "winter booster" program is being rolled out with this year'sinfluenza vaccination program and ATAGI says both can be administered at the same time.

But if you're not yet eligible for a fourth COVID, a fluvaccine can be administered earlier.

At the moment, ATAGI saysthere's "insufficient evidence of the benefits of an additional booster dose" to recommend them forpeople who don't fall into those categories listed above.

"Protection against infection wanes after the first booster dose," an ATAGI statement says.

"However, protection against severe disease (rather than all infection) is relatively well maintained, especially in young healthy populations."

Essentially, ATAGI is saying that while people outside those four groups may get sick from COVID-19, there's a lower risk they'll become severely ill from the virus.

"These recommendations for an additional booster dose focus on protecting the most vulnerable groups against severe disease and reducing the potential burden on the healthcare system over the coming months," ATAGI says.

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Fourth COVID-19 vaccine shots are available, but only for certain groups of people. Here's who is eligible - ABC News

Handing a win to the Chicago Teachers Union, Gov. J.B. Pritzker on Tuesday is planning to sign into law a measure that will allow fully vaccinated teachers and other school employees to take COVID-19 related paid time off without burning up sick days.

Pritzker vetoed a similar version of the bill shortly after the January standoff between the CTU and Chicago Public Schools, saying then that he needed revised language to ensure the agreement would only apply to vaccinated employees.

The compromise bill that passed the Legislature last week will also return COVID-19 related sick days to vaccinated employees who had to use them earlier in the school year.

The governors office issued an advisory late Monday saying he would sign the legislation cementing COVID-19 sick leave protections for vaccinated school staff at a ceremony Tuesday morning at the Illinois State Capitol.

Once the bill is signed, the law is effective immediately.

Gov. J.B. Pritzker signs a bill at the James R. Thompson Center in August of 2021.

Pat Nabong/Sun-Times file

It applies to all fully vaccinated employees of Illinois public school districts, universities and community colleges. The paid administrative leave will also apply to employees who have children who are required to stay home from school for COVID-19-related reasons, and it provides wage protections for all hourly school employees such as janitors or bus drivers who must miss school during a school closure or e-learning day.

The Illinois Education Association, which worked with the Illinois Federation of Teachers on the compromise, said some of its support staff and teachers have exhausted their sick and personal days because of the pandemic and have been using unpaid time off to quarantine or for other COVID-related reasons.

We have educators who saved their sick time to take after the birth of a child, who have since run out of days and are forced with a very difficult decision to take unpaid time off or to cut precious bonding time with their newborn short and return to work early, Illinois Education Association president Kathi Griffin told the Sun-Times in a statement.

Adan Meza, 29, a teacher at Benito Juarez High School, poses for a photo as he protests with other members of the Chicago Teachers Union outside City Hall in January.

Ashlee Rezin/Sun-Times file

In addition to the teachers unions, the measure is also supported by the International Brotherhood of Teamsters and the AFL-CIO.

CPS was among the opponents of the initial measure, fearing it would strain school districts already dealing with staff shortages. But on Monday, CPS officials said they appreciated the compromise bill as it gives further incentive for school employees to be vaccinated.

The CTU walkout in January stemmed from disagreements with the city about coronavirus testing and when to close schools amid a COVID-19 surge. The two sides came to an agreement of sorts after five missed school days.

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Pritzker to sign bill giving vaccinated teachers paid COVID-19 time off - Chicago Sun-Times

STATEN ISLAND, N.Y. -- New York States latest strategy to increase coronavirus (COVID-19) vaccination rates in children across the state employs empathy from parents who happen to be medical professionals.

Governor Kathy Hochul announced on Monday the launch of a new ad campaign as part of the state Department of Healths #VaxForKids initiative to boost vaccinations rates. The ads feature local New York pediatricians who are parents encouraging other parents to get their children vaccinated against COVID-19.

The campaign includes 30-second and 60-second versions of the television commercial in English and Spanish, which began airing on Monday, April 4, and will continue for several weeks, the governors office said.

This new media campaign further supports our #VaxForKids campaign by helping parents and guardians learn more about the importance of getting our kids vaccinated from their most trusted source, pediatricians. The COVID-19 vaccine is safe, effective and will help protect eligible children and adolescents ages 5 to 17 from severe illness and hospitalization, New York State Commissioner of Health Dr. Mary T. Bassett said in the announcement.

Pediatricians in the commercial disclose that their children have been vaccinated and emphasize that it is in the interest of their safety.

I would never recommend something if I didnt think it was safe for my own children. And my children were vaccinated as soon as they could be, Dr. Elizabeth Murray, Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Golisano Childrens Hospital in Rochester.

Hochul emphasized that the vaccine is doctor-approved and the single best tool to prevent children and families from severe illness or hospitalization due to COVID-19 in the announcement.

This new media campaign will help ensure parents are hearing directly from pediatricians and trusted health care providers, so they know just how critical it is to get their children vaccinated. Parents and guardians, if you havent already, please talk to your childs pediatrician about getting the vaccine, and the booster dose once they are eligible, the governor said.

The governors office also cited data from the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) saying that 42.3% of children ages 5 to 11 and 82.5% of adolescents ages 12 to 17 have received at least one COVID-19 vaccine dose; while 36% of children 5 to 11 and 72.6% of adolescents 12 to 17 are fully vaccinated. Also based on CDC data, New York State ranks two and one, respectively, for fully vaccinated children ages 5 to 11 and fully vaccinated adolescents ages 12 to 17 among the top 10 large states.

VACCINATION SITES AVAILABLE ACROSS N.Y. STATE

Children 5 years old and older are eligible for the Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine. As of Jan. 7, 2022, adolescents 12 and older are eligible for a booster dose of the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine at least five months after completing their initial vaccine series. Additionally, children 5 to 11 with certain immunocompromising conditions are eligible for an additional dose of the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine at least 28 days after completing their initial vaccine series.

The vaccine is free and available for children at more than 2,000 sites across the state. All state mass vaccination sites are administering the vaccine for children 5 years old and older, boosters for New Yorkers 12 years old and older, and additional doses for immunocompromised children five years old and older.

In addition to the states pop-up and mass vaccination sites, New Yorkers can visit vaccines.gov, text their ZIP code to 438829, or call 1-800-232-0233 to find nearby locations.

Parents and guardians can also contact their childs pediatrician, family physician, county health departments, Federally Qualified Health Centers (FQHCs), rural health centers, or pharmacies that may be administering the vaccine to this age group. Make sure that the provider offers the Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine.

COVID-19 RELATED RESOURCES

N.Y. Dept. of Health

CDCs website

COVID-19 vaccine finder

NYC Vaccine Command Center

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These pediatrician parents want to convince New Yorkers to vaccinate their kids - SILive.com

SINGAPORE - Two paediatric vaccination centres at Hougang Community Club and Senja-Cashew Community Club will remain in operation after 10 such centres cease operations on April 30.

The move comes as most children aged five to 11 have completed their primary vaccination programme, said the Ministry of Health (MOH), Ministry of Education and Early Childhood Development Agency in a joint statement on Tuesday (April 5).

MOH will prepare selected Public Health Preparedness Clinics and polyclinics to provide paediatric vaccine doses to children who have yet to receive their primary vaccination series, the authorities added.

Further details will be announced later.

As at Sunday, 79 per cent of children aged between five and 11 have either booked an appointment for or received their first dose of a Covid-19 vaccine, while 66 per cent have received their second dose.

The 10 centres that will be closed are:

- Arena@Our Tampines Hub

- Clementi Community Centre

- Former Hong Kah Secondary School

- Jalan Besar Community Club

- Marine Parade Community Club

- Nee Soon East Community Club

- Pasir Ris Elias Community Club

- The Serangoon Community Club

- Toa Payoh West Community Club

- Woodlands Galaxy Community Club

These centres will continue to accept appointments made on the National Appointment System for children to get their first doses up till April 9, and second doses up till April 30.

MOH had announced on March 24 that the number of vaccination doses had been steadily declining as most of the general population had completed its primary vaccination series, with 71 per cent having taken their boosters as well at the time.

On Tuesday, MOH said: We urge parents and guardians to take full advantage of the capacity and good geographical spread of our vaccination centres while they are still in operation over the coming month.

Vaccinations remain a critical part of our strategy in ensuring our children are well protected against severe illness should they be infected with Covid-19.

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10 paediatric Covid-19 vaccination centres to close on April 30, two to remain in operation - The Straits Times