Category: Covid-19 Vaccine

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The strength and breadth of antibody responses elicited by hybrid immunity to COVID-19 vaccination or infection alone – News-Medical.Net

July 9, 2022

In a recent study posted to the medRxiv* preprint server, researchers assessed neutralizing antibody responses to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) after receiving one dose of vaccine.

Evidence shows that a history of SARS-CoV-2 infection stimulates the immune system, eliciting hybrid immunity in individuals recovered from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) after subsequent vaccination. However, further research is essential to understand the extent and efficacy of hybrid immunity stimulated by severe or mild COVID-19 infection.

In the present study, researchers compared the strength and robustness of antibody responses elicited in vaccinated individuals having a history of COVID-19 infection and uninfected persons.

The team obtained blood samples from recovered individuals after administering one dose of the COVID-19 vaccine. COVID-19 severity was defined as either mild or severe, wherein mild infection comprised laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection with no reported hospitalization, and severe infection included laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection cases that required hospital treatment. Data related to patient demographics, COVID-19 vaccination history, and clinical characteristics were collected from the National Vaccination Register and the National Infectious Disease Register.

The team detected 2,586 subjects aged 18 years and above who tested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) positive for COVID-19 between February and April 2020. Blood samples were collected from 1074 patients to determine the concentration of SARS-CoV-2 specific serum antibodies at eight and 13 months after COVID-19 diagnosis. The study included patients administered one dose of either BNT162b2 or ChAdOx1 COVID-19 vaccines seven to 90 days or two doses of BNT162b2 seven to 120 days before the 13-month sampling.

The team randomly selected paired serological samples from 30 out of the 55 study participants having a history of COVID-19 infection with subsequent vaccination with BNT162b2 22 to 90 days before the collection of samples for determination of neutralizing antibodies (NAb) titers against the SARS-CoV-2 wild-type (WT) strain and the Alpha (B.1.1.7), Beta (B.1.351), Delta (B.1.617.2) and Omicron (B.1.1.529/BA.1) variants. Samples were obtained from 15 participants 59 to 90 days post-vaccination. Among the 15 individuals, eight had a history of severe COVID-19. Another 15 participants were selected to collect blood samples 21 to 30 days after the COVID-19 vaccination by matching the participants disease severity, gender, and age to the first group.

Serum samples were collected from 640 participants aged 18 years and above almost 13 months after PCR-confirmed diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 WT infection without any history of COVID-19 vaccination. The team also obtained serum samples from a total of 38 participants having a previous SARS-CoV-2 WT infection but no history of COVID-19 vaccination at an average of 51 days and 118 days after infection.

The study results showed that 97% and 89% of the participants tested positive for the presence of SARS-CoV-2 spike (S)-immunoglobulin G (IgG) and NAbs against the SARS-CoV-2 WT strain before receiving the COVID-19 vaccination eight months after COVID-19 diagnosis. The team also noted that a single COVID-19 vaccine dose elicited almost 20 times higher levels of IgG in individuals with a history of COVID-19 infection compared to uninfected persons. Furthermore, hybrid immunity stimulated as a result of mild infection resulted in significantly higher mean S-IgG levels compared to the concentrations observed in individuals experiencing only a mild infection.

The team also noted a two-fold higher concentration of S-IgG following an infection diagnosis after vaccination with one dose of BNT162b2 compared to double vaccination with BNT162b2 alone. Almost 98% of patients with hybrid immunity and 100% of double vaccinated patients displayed NAbs against SARS-CoV-2 WT. A comparison of the neutralizing capacity of the Abs that target the viral spike protein showed that almost three times higher neutralizing capacity of Abs was achieved due to hybrid immunity as opposed to that after double vaccination. Moreover, while the mean antibody levels declined 90 days after hybrid immunity was elicited, 97% of the individuals had detectable levels of NAbs.

One vaccine dose of BNT162b2 elicited substantially high IgG and NAb titers among subjects with a history of COVID-19 infection compared to the induction observed before vaccination. The team also found the highest average NAbs titers against the WT strain but reduced titer levels against Alpha, Beta, Delta, and Omicron BA.1 variants. Variations in the mean NAb titer levels ranged from 30 to 46 and eight to 27 according to the infecting strain for severe and mild disease cohorts, respectively. This indicated hybrid immunity was more pronounced after a severe infection than after a mild one.

Overall, the study findings showed that one COVID-19 vaccine dose administered nine to 12 months after COVID-19 diagnosis significantly increased the NAb and spike-specific IgG levels in individuals having a history of SARS-CoV-2 WT infection.

medRxiv publishes preliminary scientific reports that are not peer-reviewed and, therefore, should not be regarded as conclusive, guide clinical practice/health-related behavior, or treated as established information.

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The strength and breadth of antibody responses elicited by hybrid immunity to COVID-19 vaccination or infection alone - News-Medical.Net

Effectiveness and protection duration of Covid-19 vaccines and previous infection against any SARS-CoV-2 infection in young adults – Nature.com

July 9, 2022

The selection processes for all analytic populations are illustrated in Figs.S1 and S2. Descriptive characteristics for the final study sample are presented in Table1. A total of 280,223 SARS-CoV-2 tests were conducted on 21,261 individuals during the Fall 2021 follow-up period; average number of SARS-CoV-2 tests per individual during follow-up was 13.18 (SD=4.50). By the end of follow-up, reported proof of full and partial vaccination was 60.1% and 0.5%, respectively; 30.3% of individuals had no record of vaccination or previous SARS-CoV-2 infection. Key differences among unvaccinated individuals relative to (fully) vaccinated individuals include a higher proportion of males (unvaccinated: 56.1%, vaccinated: 43.9%), higher proportion of White non-Hispanic individuals (unvaccinated: 81.6%, vaccinated: 78.4%), higher proportion of non-residential students (unvaccinated: 71.2%, vaccinated: 65.5%), lower proportion with pre-existing condition (unvaccinated: 4.8%, vaccinated: 5.7%), higher proportion using nicotine or other smoking products (unvaccinated: 8.2%, vaccinated: 4.5%), lower number of overall SARS-CoV-2 tests (unvaccinated: 20.58, vaccinated: 26.15), higher proportion with a SARS-CoV-2 infection prior to the Fall 2021 semester (unvaccinated: 22.9%, vaccinated: 20.6%), and a higher proportion with a SARS-CoV-2 infection during the Fall 2021 follow-up period (unvaccinated: 12.7%, vaccinated: 4.1%).

Among vaccinated individuals, key differences between vaccine manufactures (TableS1) include proportion who are male (Ad26.CoV2.S: 61.9%, mRNA-1273: 44.8%, BNT162b2: 40.9%), White non-Hispanic (Ad26.CoV2.S: 83.6%, mRNA-1273: 78.2%, BNT162b2: 77.8%), non-residential status (mRNA-1273: 75.9%, Ad26.CoV2.S: 69.6%, BNT162b2: 58.4%), pre-existing conditions (mRNA-1273: 6.6%, Ad26.CoV2.S: 5.8%, BNT162b2: 5.2%), use of nicotine or other smoking products (Ad26.CoV2.S: 6.2%, mRNA-1273: 5.5%, BNT162b2: 3.7%), total number of SARS-CoV-2 tests (mRNA-1273: 28.18, BNT162b2: 25.13, Ad26.CoV2.S: 24.31), SARS-CoV-2 infection prior to the Fall 2021 semester (Ad26.CoV2.S: 24.1%, mRNA-1273: 20.4%, BNT162b2: 20.2%), and SARS-CoV-2 infection during the Fall 2021 follow-up period (Ad26.CoV2.S: 6.5%, BNT162b2: 4.5%, mRNA-1273: 2.9%).

The results for estimated protection are presented in Table2 and Fig.1. Overall, vaccine protection against any SARS-CoV-2 infection during the 18-week follow-up period was 67.4% (95% CI: 63.7%,70.7%). The mRNA-1273 vaccine had the highest protection (75.4%, 95% CI: 70.5%,79.5%), followed by BNT162b2 (65.7%, 95% CI: 61.1%,69.8%) and Ad26.COV2.S (42.8%, 95% CI: 26.1%,55.8%); statistically significant differences were found between all three vaccine types (mRNA-1273 vs BNT162b2: P=0.001; mRNA-1273 vs Ad26.COV2.S: P<0.001; BNT162b2 vs Ad26.COV2.S: P<0.001). Compared to individuals with no protection (i.e., unvaccinated without a previous SARS-CoV-2 infection), protection against repeat infection for unvaccinated individuals with a previous SARS-CoV-2 infection was 72.9% (95% CI: 66.1%,78.4%). Protection from both vaccination and previous infection was 95.0% (95% CI: 92.1%,96.9%); i.e., vaccination provided a 22.1% increase in protection among previously infected individuals (95% CI: 15.8%,28.7%).

Point estimates (with 95% CIs) of (full) vaccine protection among individuals without a previous SARS-CoV-2 infection, vaccine protection among individuals with a previous SARS-CoV-2 infection, and protection from previous infection only. All estimates of protection are relative to individuals with no protection (unvaccinated without a previous SARS-CoV-2 infection).

To assess sensitivity to missing SARS-CoV-2 infection history, analyses were restricted to individuals who participated in Clemson Universitys Covid-19 surveillance testing since the Fall 2020 semester (N=13,057). Descriptive statistics for this analytic sample are presented in TablesS2 and S3; results are presented in TableS4. Increases in protection were observed for individuals vaccinated with mRNA-1273 (protection: 76.4%, 95% CI: 70.3%,81.3%), BNT162b2 (protection: 68.1%, 95% CI: 61.4%,73.6%), and Ad26.COV2.S (protection: 46.6%, 95% CI: 23.2%,62.8%). Results further excluding individuals vaccinated prior to general eligibility (March 31st, 2021) are provided in TableS5. A mild increase in BNT162b2 effectiveness was observed (protection: 70.0%, 95% CI: 63.1%,75.5%).

The analytic samples for protection against any SARS-CoV-2 infection during the follow-up period between December 28th, 2020 and December 4th, 2021 are presented in TablesS6 and S7, with results presented in TableS8. Moderate increases were observed for BNT162b2 (protection: 69.1%, 95% CI: 62.8%,74.3%), Ad26.CoV2.S (protection: 46.6%, 95% CI: 24.2%,62.4%), and previous SARS-CoV-2 infection (protection: 80.9%, 95% CI: 77.1%,84.0%). A mild increase in protection was observed for BNT162b2 (protection: 70.9%, 95% CI: 64.5%,76.2%) when excluding individuals vaccinated prior to March 31st, 2021 (TableS9).

There was a significant increase in the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection with each month since full vaccination (i.e., 2weeks past final dose) for mRNA-1273 (HR=1.25, 95% CI: 1.10,1.42), BNT162b2 (HR=1.17, 95% CI: 1.09,1.26), but not Ad26.COV2.S (HR=0.94, 95% CI: 0.81,1.09) or previous SARS-CoV-2 infection (HR=0.94, 95% CI: 0.87,1.02). Estimated protection over time for the mRNA vaccines is displayed in Fig.2. Between 0 to 6 months post- vaccination, estimated protection decreased from 88.9% to 58.3% for mRNA-1273 and from 80.2% to 49.2% for BNT162b2. Between 0 to 6 months post vaccination, estimated decrease in overall mRNA vaccine protection against any SARS-CoV-2 infection was 29.7% (95% CI: 17.9%,41.6%). At 6 months post vaccination, statistically significant differences were not observed between mRNA-1273 and BNT162b2 (P=0.27), mRNA-1273 and Ad26.CoV2.S (P=0.59), and BNT162b2 and Ad26.CoV2.S (P=0.89).

Adjusted estimated vaccine protection (point estimate with 95% CIs) by months since full vaccination for mRNA-1273, BNT162b2, and any mRNA vaccine.

Sensitivity analyses accounting for missing SARS-CoV-2 infection history had a negligible impact on results (TableS10). However, a greater decline was observed when removing individuals vaccinated prior to general eligibility (March 31st, 2021). Estimated hazard ratios for months since vaccination were 1.30 for mRNA-1273 (95% CI: 1.07,1.57) and 1.24 for BNT162b2 (95% CI: 1.07,1.43). Greater declines in mRNA vaccine protection were also observed when restricting the sample to the December 28th, 2020 through December 4th, 2021 follow-up periods (TableS10).

We assess sensitivity to classification of vaccination status by assuming that protection starts at day 7 post vaccination for each dose (as opposed to day 14). In this study, results were not sensitive to the assumption of a 7-day or 14-day period. Estimates of overall protection from vaccination and previous infection are presented in TableS11. Among all estimates, (absolute) differences in protection between 7-day and 14-day classification procedures ranged from 0.0% to 1.2%. Absolute differences in change in monthly SARS-CoV-2 infection risk ranged from 0.00 to 0.02 (TableS12).

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Effectiveness and protection duration of Covid-19 vaccines and previous infection against any SARS-CoV-2 infection in young adults - Nature.com

Pfizer and BioNTech Submit a Variation to EMA for the Vaccination of Children 6 Months to less than 5 Years with COMIRNATY – Pfizer

July 9, 2022

NEW YORK and MAINZ, Germany, July 8, 2022 Pfizer Inc. (NYSE: PFE) and BioNTech SE (Nasdaq: BNTX) today announced that the companies have submitted a variation to the European Medicines Agency (EMA) requesting to update the Conditional Marketing Authorization (CMA) in the European Union (EU) with data supporting the vaccination of children ages 6 months to less than 5 years with the 3-g dose of COMIRNATY (COVID-19 vaccine, mRNA) as a three dose series. The 3-g dose was carefully selected as the preferred dose for children less than 5 years of age based on safety, tolerability, and immunogenicity data.

The submission included data from a Phase 2/3 randomized, controlled trial that included 4,526 children 6 months to less than 5 years of age. In the trial, children received the third 3-g dose at least two months after the second dose at a time when Omicron was the predominant variant. Following a third dose in this age group, the vaccine was found to elicit a strong immune response, with a favorable safety profile similar to placebo. No new safety signals were identified, and the frequency of adverse reactions observed in children 6 months to less than 5 years were generally lower than in children 5 to less than 12 years.

Pfizer and BioNTech submitted the same data to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) which granted emergency use authorization (EUA) of the Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine as a three 3-g dose series in this age group on June 17. The companies also plan to submit these data to other regulatory agencies around the world.

COMIRNATY, which is based on BioNTechs proprietary mRNA technology, was developed by both BioNTech and Pfizer. BioNTech is the Marketing Authorization Holder in the United States, the European Union, the United Kingdom, Canada and the holder of emergency use authorizations or equivalents in the United States (jointly with Pfizer) and other countries. Submissions to pursue regulatory approvals in those countries where emergency use authorizations or equivalent were initially granted are planned.

About the Phase 1/2/3 Trial in ChildrenThe Phase 1/2/3 trial has enrolled more than 10,000 children ages 6 months to under 12 years of age in the United States, Finland, Poland, Spain and Brazil from more than 90 clinical trial sites. The trial evaluated the safety, tolerability, and immunogenicity of the Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 Vaccine in three age groups: ages 5 to under 12 years; ages 2 to under 5 years; and ages 6 months to under 2 years. Based on the Phase 1 dose-escalation portion of the trial, children ages 5 to under 12 years received a two-dose schedule of 10 g each while children under age 5 received three lower 3 g doses in the Phase 2/3 study. The trial enrolled children with or without prior evidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection.

U.S. Indication & Authorized UsePfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 Vaccine is FDA authorized under Emergency Use Authorization (EUA) for active immunization to prevent coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in individuals 6 months of age and older.Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 Vaccine is FDA authorized to provide:

Primary Series

Booster Series

COMIRNATYINDICATIONCOMIRNATY (COVID-19 Vaccine, mRNA) is a vaccine approved for active immunization to prevent coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in individuals 16 years of age and older.

COMIRNATY AUTHORIZED USESCOMIRNATY (COVID-19 Vaccine, mRNA) is FDA authorized under Emergency Use Authorization (EUA) to provide:

Primary Series

Booster Dose

Emergency Use AuthorizationEmergency uses of the vaccine have not been approved or licensed by FDA, but have been authorized by FDA, under an Emergency Use Authorization (EUA) to prevent Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID 19) in individuals 6 months of age and older. The emergency uses are only authorized for the duration of the declaration that circumstances exist justifying the authorization of emergency use of the medical product under Section 564(b)(1) of the FD&C Act unless the declaration is terminated or authorization revoked sooner.

INTERCHANGEABILITYFDA-approved COMIRNATY (COVID-19 Vaccine, mRNA) and the Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 Vaccine FDA authorized for Emergency Use Authorization (EUA) for individuals 12 years of age and older can be used interchangeably by a vaccination provider when prepared according to their respective instructions for use.

The formulations of the Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 Vaccine authorized for use in individuals 6 months through 4 years of age, 5 through 11 years of age, and 12 years of age and older are different and should therefore not be used interchangeably.

IMPORTANT SAFETY INFORMATIONTell your vaccination provider about all the vaccine recipients medical conditions, including if the vaccine recipient:

Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 Vaccine or COMIRNATY (COVID-19 Vaccine, mRNA) may not protect all vaccine recipients

The vaccine recipient should not receive Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 Vaccine or COMIRNATY (COVID-19 Vaccine, mRNA) if the vaccine recipient had a severe allergic reaction to any of its ingredients or had a severe allergic reaction to a previous dose of Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 Vaccine or COMIRNATY

There is a remote chance that Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 Vaccine or COMIRNATY (COVID-19 Vaccine, mRNA) could cause a severe allergic reaction. A severe allergic reaction would usually occur within a few minutes to 1 hour after getting a dose of the vaccine. For this reason, your vaccination provider may ask the vaccine recipient to stay at the place where the vaccine was administered for monitoring after vaccination. If the vaccine recipient experiences a severe allergic reaction, call 9-1-1 or go to the nearest hospital

Myocarditis (inflammation of the heart muscle) and pericarditis (inflammation of the lining outside the heart)have occurred in some people who have received the vaccine, more commonly in adolescent males and adult males under 40 years of age than among females and older males. In most of these people, symptoms began within a few days following receipt of the second dose of the vaccine. The chance of having this occur is very low.

Seek medical attention right away if the vaccine recipient has any of the following symptoms after receiving the vaccine, particularly during the 2 weeks after receiving a vaccine dose:

Fainting can happen after getting injectable vaccines, including Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 Vaccine or COMIRNATY (COVID-19 Vaccine, mRNA). Sometimes people who faint can fall and hurt themselves. For this reason, your vaccination provider may ask the vaccine recipient to sit or lie down for 15 minutes after receiving the vaccine

Some people with weakened immune systems may have reduced immune responses to Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 Vaccine or COMIRNATY (COVID-19 Vaccine, mRNA)

Additional side effects include rash, itching, hives, swelling of the face, injection site pain, tiredness, feeling weak or lack of energy, headache, muscle pain, chills, joint pain, fever, injection site swelling, injection site redness, nausea, feeling unwell, swollen lymph nodes (lymphadenopathy), decreased appetite,diarrhea, vomiting, arm pain, fainting in association with injection of the vaccine, and irritability.

These may not be all the possible side effects of the vaccine. Call the vaccination provider or healthcare provider about bothersome side effects or side effects that do not go away.

Click for Fact Sheets and Prescribing Information for individuals 6 months of age and older:

Recipients and Caregivers Fact Sheet (6 months through 4 years of age)Recipients and Caregivers Fact Sheet (5 through 11 years of age)Recipients and Caregivers Fact Sheet (12 years of age and older)COMIRNATY Full Prescribing Information (16 years of age and older), DILUTE BEFORE USE, Purple CapCOMIRNATY Full Prescribing Information (16 years of age and older), DO NOT DILUTE, Gray CapEUA Fact Sheet for Vaccination Providers (6 months through 4 years of age), DILUTE BEFORE USE, Maroon CapEUA Fact Sheet for Vaccination Providers (5 through 11 years of age), DILUTE BEFORE USE, Orange CapEUA Fact Sheet for Vaccination Providers (12 years of age and older), DILUTE BEFORE USE, Purple CapEUA Fact Sheet for Vaccination Providers (12 years of age and older), DO NOT DILUTE, Gray Cap

About Pfizer: Breakthroughs That Change Patients LivesAt Pfizer, we apply science and our global resources to bring therapies to people that extend and significantly improve their lives. We strive to set the standard for quality, safety and value in the discovery, development and manufacture of health care products, including innovative medicines and vaccines. Every day, Pfizer colleagues work across developed and emerging markets to advance wellness, prevention, treatments and cures that challenge the most feared diseases of our time. Consistent with our responsibility as one of the world's premier innovative biopharmaceutical companies, we collaborate with health care providers, governments and local communities to support and expand access to reliable, affordable health care around the world. For more than 170 years, we have worked to make a difference for all who rely on us. We routinely post information that may be important to investors on our website at http://www.Pfizer.com. In addition, to learn more, please visit us on http://www.Pfizer.com and follow us on Twitter at @Pfizer and @Pfizer News, LinkedIn, YouTube and like us on Facebook at http://www.facebook.com/Pfizer.

Pfizer Disclosure NoticeThe information contained in this release is as of July 8, 2022. Pfizer assumes no obligation to update forward-looking statements contained in this release as the result of new information or future events or developments.

This release contains forward-looking information about Pfizers efforts to combat COVID-19, the collaboration between BioNTech and Pfizer to develop a COVID-19 vaccine, the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine program, and the Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 Vaccine, also known as COMIRNATY (COVID-19 Vaccine, mRNA) (BNT162b2) (including a submission for a variation to the European Medicines Agency (EMA) requesting to update the Conditional Marketing Authorization (CMA) in the European Union (EU) for vaccination of children ages 6 months to under 5 years with COMIRNATY as a three 3-g dose series and planned regulatory submissions, qualitative assessments of available data, potential benefits, expectations for clinical trials, potential regulatory submissions, the anticipated timing of data readouts, regulatory submissions, regulatory approvals or authorizations and anticipated manufacturing, distribution and supply) involving substantial risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from those expressed or implied by such statements. Risks and uncertainties include, among other things, the uncertainties inherent in research and development, including the ability to meet anticipated clinical endpoints, commencement and/or completion dates for clinical trials, regulatory submission dates, regulatory approval dates and/or launch dates, as well as risks associated with preclinical and clinical data (including Phase 1/2/3 or Phase 4 data), including the data discussed in this release for BNT162b2, any monovalent or bivalent vaccine candidates or any other vaccine candidate in the BNT162 program in any of our studies in pediatrics, adolescents or adults or real world evidence, including the possibility of unfavorable new preclinical, clinical or safety data and further analyses of existing preclinical, clinical or safety data, including the risk that final results from the Phase 2/3 trial, including the planned formal vaccine efficacy analysis, could differ significantly from the data currently publicly available or included in this release; the ability to produce comparable clinical or other results, including the rate of vaccine effectiveness and safety and tolerability profile observed to date, in additional analyses of the Phase 3 trial and additional studies, in real world data studies or in larger, more diverse populations following commercialization; the ability of BNT162b2, any monovalent or bivalent vaccine candidates or any future vaccine to prevent COVID-19 caused by emerging virus variants; the risk that more widespread use of the vaccine will lead to new information about efficacy, safety, or other developments, including the risk of additional adverse reactions, some of which may be serious; the risk that preclinical and clinical trial data are subject to differing interpretations and assessments, including during the peer review/publication process, in the scientific community generally, and by regulatory authorities; whether and when additional data from the BNT162 mRNA vaccine program will be published in scientific journal publications and, if so, when and with what modifications and interpretations; whether regulatory authorities will be satisfied with the design of and results from these and any future preclinical and clinical studies; whether and when submissions to request emergency use or conditional marketing authorizations for BNT162b2 in additional populations, for a potential booster dose for BNT162b2, any monovalent or bivalent vaccine candidates or any potential future vaccines (including potential submissions in particular jurisdictions for children 6 months to under 5 years of age and potential future annual boosters or re-vaccinations) and/or other biologics license and/or emergency use authorization applications or amendments to any such applications may be filed in particular jurisdictions for BNT162b2, any monovalent or bivalent vaccine candidates or any other potential vaccines that may arise from the BNT162 program, including a potential variant based, higher dose, or bivalent vaccine, and if obtained, whether or when such emergency use authorizations or licenses will expire or terminate; whether and when any applications that may be pending or filed for BNT162b2 (including the EMA variation submission and potential submissions in particular jurisdictions for children 6 months to under 5 years of age and any requested amendments to the emergency use or conditional marketing authorizations), any monovalent or bivalent vaccine candidates or other vaccines that may result from the BNT162 program may be approved by particular regulatory authorities, which will depend on myriad factors, including making a determination as to whether the vaccines benefits outweigh its known risks and determination of the vaccines efficacy and, if approved, whether it will be commercially successful; decisions by regulatory authorities impacting labeling or marketing, manufacturing processes, safety and/or other matters that could affect the availability or commercial potential of a vaccine, including development of products or therapies by other companies; disruptions in the relationships between us and our collaboration partners, clinical trial sites or third-party suppliers; the risk that demand for any products may be reduced or no longer exist which may lead to reduced revenues or excess inventory; risks related to the availability of raw materials to manufacture a vaccine; challenges related to our vaccines formulation, dosing schedule and attendant storage, distribution and administration requirements, including risks related to storage and handling after delivery by Pfizer; the risk that we may not be able to successfully develop other vaccine formulations, booster doses or potential future annual boosters or re-vaccinations or new variant based vaccines; the risk that we may not be able to maintain or scale up manufacturing capacity on a timely basis or maintain access to logistics or supply channels commensurate with global demand for our vaccine, which would negatively impact our ability to supply the estimated numbers of doses of our vaccine within the projected time periods as previously indicated; whether and when additional supply agreements will be reached; uncertainties regarding the ability to obtain recommendations from vaccine advisory or technical committees and other public health authorities and uncertainties regarding the commercial impact of any such recommendations; challenges related to public vaccine confidence or awareness; uncertainties regarding the impact of COVID-19 on Pfizers business, operations and financial results; and competitive developments.

A further description of risks and uncertainties can be found in Pfizers Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2021 and in its subsequent reports on Form 10-Q, including in the sections thereof captioned Risk Factors and Forward-Looking Information and Factors That May Affect Future Results, as well as in its subsequent reports on Form 8-K, all of which are filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission and available at http://www.sec.gov and http://www.pfizer.com.

About BioNTechBiopharmaceutical New Technologies is a next generation immunotherapy company pioneering novel therapies for cancer and other serious diseases. The Company exploits a wide array of computational discovery and therapeutic drug platforms for the rapid development of novel biopharmaceuticals. Its broad portfolio of oncology product candidates includes individualized and off-the-shelf mRNA-based therapies, innovative chimeric antigen receptor T cells, bi-specific checkpoint immuno-modulators, targeted cancer antibodies and small molecules. Based on its deep expertise in mRNA vaccine development and in-house manufacturing capabilities, BioNTech and its collaborators are developing multiple mRNA vaccine candidates for a range of infectious diseases alongside its diverse oncology pipeline. BioNTech has established a broad set of relationships with multiple global pharmaceutical collaborators, including Genmab, Sanofi, Genentech, a member of the Roche Group, Regeneron, Genevant, Fosun Pharma, and Pfizer. For more information, please visit http://www.BioNTech.com.

BioNTech Forward-looking StatementsThis press release contains forward-looking statements of BioNTech within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These forward-looking statements may include, but may not be limited to, statements concerning: BioNTechs efforts to combat COVID-19; the collaboration between BioNTech and Pfizer including the program to develop a COVID-19 vaccine and COMIRNATY (COVID-19 vaccine, mRNA) (BNT162b2) (including the potential in children 6 months to under 5 years of age and planned regulatory submissions, including a rolling EUA submission in the U.S., qualitative assessments of available data, potential benefits, expectations for clinical trials, the anticipated timing of regulatory submissions, regulatory approvals or authorizations and anticipated manufacturing, distribution and supply); our expectations regarding the potential characteristics of BNT162b2 in our clinical trials, real world data studies, and/or in commercial use based on data observations to date; preclinical and clinical data (including Phase 1/2/3 or Phase 4 data), including the descriptive data discussed in this release, for BNT162b2 or any other vaccine candidate in the BNT162 program in any of our studies in pediatrics, adolescents or adults or real world evidence, including the possibility of unfavorable new preclinical, clinical or safety data, including the risk that final or formal results from the clinical trial could differ from the topline data; the ability of BNT162b2 or a future vaccine to prevent COVID-19 caused by emerging virus variants; the expected time point for additional readouts on efficacy data of BNT162b2 in our clinical trials; the nature of the clinical data, which is subject to ongoing peer review, regulatory review and market interpretation; widespread use of BNT162b2 will lead to new information about efficacy, safety, or other developments, including the risk of additional adverse reactions, some of which may be serious; the timing for submission of data for BNT162, or any future vaccine, in additional populations (including in children 6 months to under 5 years of age, potential future annual boosters or re-vaccinations), or receipt of, any marketing approval or emergency use authorization or equivalent, including or amendments or variations to such authorizations, including making a determination as to whether the vaccines benefits outweigh its known risks and determination of the vaccines efficacy and, if approved, whether it will be commercially successful; the development of other vaccine formulations, booster doses or potential future annual boosters or re-vaccinations or new variant based vaccines; our contemplated shipping and storage plan, including our estimated product shelf life at various temperatures; the ability of BioNTech to supply the quantities of BNT162 to support clinical development and market demand, including our production estimates for 2022; challenges related to public vaccine confidence or awareness; decisions by regulatory authorities impacting labeling or marketing, manufacturing processes, safety and/or other matters that could affect the availability or commercial potential of a vaccine, including development of products or therapies by other companies; disruptions in the relationships between us and our collaboration partners, clinical trial sites or third-party suppliers; the risk that demand for any products may be reduced or no longer exist; the availability of raw material to manufacture BNT162 or other vaccine formulation; challenges related to our vaccines formulation, dosing schedule and attendant storage, distribution and administration requirements, including risks related to storage and handling after delivery; and uncertainties regarding the impact of COVID-19 on BioNTechs trials, business and general operations. Any forward-looking statements in this press release are based on BioNTech current expectations and beliefs of future events and are subject to a number of risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially and adversely from those set forth in or implied by such forward-looking statements. These risks and uncertainties include, but are not limited to: the ability to meet the pre-defined endpoints in clinical trials; competition to create a vaccine for COVID-19; the ability to produce comparable clinical or other results, including our stated rate of vaccine effectiveness and safety and tolerability profile observed to date, in the remainder of the trial or in larger, more diverse populations upon commercialization; the ability to effectively scale our productions capabilities; and other potential difficulties.

For a discussion of these and other risks and uncertainties, see BioNTechs Annual Report as Form 20-F for the Year Ended December 31, 2021, filed with the SEC on March 30, 2022, which is available on the SECs website at http://www.sec.gov. All information in this press release is as of the date of the release, and BioNTech undertakes no duty to update this information unless required by law.

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Pfizer and BioNTech Submit a Variation to EMA for the Vaccination of Children 6 Months to less than 5 Years with COMIRNATY - Pfizer

Free COVID-19 vaccinations available in New London and at Foxwoods – theday.com

July 9, 2022

New London Free COVID-19 vaccination clinics sponsored by the state Department of Public Health and Griffin Health will offer all doses and brands of the vaccines for eligible people 6 months and older this weekend and later in the month.

On Saturday, vaccines will be administered from 10 a.m. to 2 p.m. at 76 Federal St., and from noon to 7 p.m. at 35 Water St. and 224-238 Bank St.On Monday, vaccines will be administered from 5 to 8 p.m. at 98 Neptune Ave., Ocean Beach.

Vaccines will be offered Monday, July 25, from noon to 7 p.m. at thePublic Library of New London, 63 Huntington St.

DPHalso partners with Foxwoods Resort Casino to provide vaccinations from 1 to 7 p.m. every Tuesday in the casinos bingo hall.

No appointments are necessary at any of the clinics, and no one will be turned away for lack of insurance or identification.

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Free COVID-19 vaccinations available in New London and at Foxwoods - theday.com

Marshall County Health Department offering drive-thru COVID-19 vaccination site – ABC 57 News

July 9, 2022

PLYMOUTH, Ind. -- The Marshall County Health Department has announced that they will offer a drive-thru COVID-19 vaccination site starting on Monday.

It will be located behind Lifeplex at 2855 Miller Drive in Plymouth.

The site will be open on Mondays from 12 p.m. to 6 p.m. and on the second Saturday of each month from 8 a.m. to 11:30 a.m.

They will be offering the Pfizer vaccine to those aged 12 and older and the Moderna and Johnson & Johnson vaccines will be available for those 18 and older.

To schedule an appointment, call (574) 935-8565 or visit http://www.vaccine.coronavirus.in.gov

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Marshall County Health Department offering drive-thru COVID-19 vaccination site - ABC 57 News

The First Person in US to Get COVID-19 Vaccine Reflects – TIME

July 7, 2022

I was always ready to say yes to the COVID-19 vaccine. Id been following its development from the very beginning of the pandemic and said, again and again, that Id happily get vaccinated. Working in critical care during the first deadly wave of the virus, my team and I had yearned for any relief from the frustration and sorrow we felt. We lived in the constant presence of death and loss, treating patients without treatment options while living in fear of contracting the virus ourselves.

We needed the hope a COVID vaccine might deliver. When my employer, Northwell Health, asked for volunteers to get the shot on day one, I stepped forward to say, Yes.

It ended up being a milestone in the history of the pandemic. In the first year they were available, vaccines saved at least 19 million lives around the world. Mine may have been among the first.

Later, some people would say Id been used, coerced, even paid. But getting the first COVID-19 vaccine outside of a clinical trial was not a mistake. The only mistake was thinking that, after the injection, Id be going immediately back to work.

The day had other plans. There was a press conference, and a whirlwind of interviews, then speaking engagements. When I said, Yes, to the vaccine, I unknowingly opened my eyes to a world of possibilities and advocacy.

Risk, for example, looks different to me now.

More than 6.3 million people worldwide have died from COVID-19 so far. As of this writing, almost 549 million people have been diagnosed with it. Thats where risk and true danger existin people eschewing data and the evidence-based advice of medical professionals in favor of anger and falsehoods and fear, often fomented online.

Saying yes also gave me a renewed sense of responsibility. Ive heard so often that COVID-19 has pulled back the curtain on health inequities that I sometimes worry well accept those inequalities as an entrenched fact that we cannot undo. I take seriously the opportunity I have to support public health in underserved communities and communities of color. This is my space; Im a Black immigrant from Jamaica who came to this country to become a nurse.

For some, its uncomfortable to discuss the fact that too many communities of color in the United States lack access to acceptable health and medical care. Lets discuss it anyway. Transforming health care deserts into healthy, robust communities with affordable, high-quality resources is a massive challenge. We may not find a perfect solution but its our responsibility to say yes to conversations about how we can remove barriers and inequities in our health care system.

Sandra Lindsay waves to spectators during a parade honoring essential workers for their efforts throughout the COVID-19 pandemic, July 7, 2021, in New York.

John MinchilloAP

I felt empowered when I said yes to the COVID-19 vaccineit was more than a dose of antibodies. It represented a hopeful, new beginning. That moment has been a gift, an opportunity to grow and expand my professional purpose. I certainly didnt predict receiving a Presidential Medal of Freedom. But In some ways, it was less of a choice than it was a seamless transition. Maybe my having said, Yes, will inspire others to do the same.

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Contact us at letters@time.com.

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The First Person in US to Get COVID-19 Vaccine Reflects - TIME

Beijing imposes new COVID-19 vaccine mandate as China grapples with new outbreaks there and in Shanghai – CBS News

July 7, 2022

Beijing Two of China's biggest cities, capital Beijing and Shanghai, got to enjoy about one month of reprieve from draconian COVID-19 restrictions, including full and partial lockdowns, after officials declared victory over the virus. But as of Thursday, both megacities were racing once again to contain outbreaks fueled by highly transmissible Omicron subvariants of the virus.

The capital reported a cluster of BA.5.2 subvariant cases, which officials said started among staff at a boutique hotel near Beijing's world-famous Great Wall area. Only about a dozen infections were confirmed by Thursday, but the local government was taking no chances.

For the first time since the start of the pandemic, Beijing has required all residents entering large public places, including museums, theaters, and gyms to show proof of vaccination, according to an official with the Municipal Health Commission. Senior citizens also now must show proof of vaccination to enter community facilities.

The new vaccine mandate comes on top of existing policies that require everyone to show a negative COVID test result from within the past 72 hours to enter any public venue. That restriction effectively forces the entire local population of the capital to get rolling PCR tests every three days.

Keeping a lid on the highly contagious subvariant is a priority for China's ruling Communist Party in part because it wants to avoid any disruption to the once-in-a-decade power transition, which is set to take place in Beijing this fall, though an exact date has not yet been announced.

Meanwhile, in the financial capital of Shanghai, 32 positive cases have been recorded, linked to a karaoke bar in the city's Putuo district. In response, city officials shut down all karaoke bars in Shanghai and there are a lot from Wednesday.

Shanghai has also intensified its mass-testing regime. Residents in 12 of the city's 16 districts were told to get two PCR tests over a three-day period, ending Thursday.

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Beijing imposes new COVID-19 vaccine mandate as China grapples with new outbreaks there and in Shanghai - CBS News

Nurse who received 1st COVID-19 vaccine in the US to receive Presidential Medal of Freedom – ABC News

July 7, 2022

Following months of hardships and devastating losses in the early months of the COVID-19 pandemic, Sandra Lindsay, an intensive care nurse in New York, became a symbol of hope for people across the globe when she became the first person in the United States to receive a COVID-19 vaccine following emergency authorization from federal officials.

Seemingly overnight, Lindsay, who got the shot in December of 2020, became a prominent vaccine advocate, urging others to get vaccinated against COVID-19 and help curb the virus's spread.

In light of her advocacy, Lindsay will be one of seventeen recipients to be honored with the Presidential Medal of Freedom by President Joe Biden.

"I'm honored to hold this place in history," Lindsay told ABC News prior to the ceremony.

In the hours following her vaccination, the image of Lindsay receiving her shot circulated rapidly across the country, as millions celebrated it as a symbolic light at the end of the tunnel after the pandemic had forced families apart.

Sandra Lindsay, left, a nurse at Long Island Jewish Medical Center, is inoculated with the COVID-19 vaccine by Dr. Michelle Chester, Dec. 14, 2020, in Queens, New York.

Pool via Getty Images

The Americans honored with the medal "demonstrate the power of possibilities and embody the soul of the nation hard work, perseverance, and faith," according to a press release from the White House "[and] have overcome significant obstacles to achieve impressive accomplishments in the arts and sciences, dedicated their lives to advocating for the most vulnerable among us, and acted with bravery to drive change in their communities and across the world while blazing trails for generations to come."

Lindsay will be honored alongside other Presidential Medal of Honor recipients, including former congresswoman Gabby Giffords, Khizr Khan, a Gold Star father and founder of the Constitution Literacy and National Unity Center, and actor Denzel Washington.

Last month, Lindsay initially missed the call from the White House informing her of the award, initially believing it was a prank call. When she learned that the honor was real, Lindsay said she was "overwhelmed" with emotions.

"I was just overwhelmed with pride, joy, gratitude and just immediately thought about what that meant for others, for people who look like me for young ladies, for black women, for immigrants, for Jamaicans, for Americans, nurses, health care workers, minorities," Lindsay said.

Nurse Sandra Lindsay, center, gives an interview after she is inoculated with the COVID-19 vaccine, Dec. 14, 2020 at the Jewish Medical Center, in Queens, New York.

Pool via Getty Images

Lindsay, who works as the director of patient care services in critical care at Northwell Health, said was met with an incredibly positive public reaction following her vaccine, with some people telling her they were inspired to get the shot because of her.

For Lindsay, who was raised in Jamaica by her grandparents and moved to the United States in 1986, the honor is beyond anything she could have imagined.

"Never in my wildest dreams did I think that I would be in this position. But I said yes. I said yes not knowing what I was getting into, but knowing that it was the right thing to do, and here I am today, so anything is possible," Lindsay said.

With 70 million eligible Americans still unvaccinated, Lindsay stressed that her advocacy work is not done.

"We have made significant strides, but [COVID-19] is still here, and it still poses a threat to you, if you are not protected. I encourage everyone to go get themselves vaccinated," Lindsay said. "If you're not vaccinated, you're still not protected."

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Nurse who received 1st COVID-19 vaccine in the US to receive Presidential Medal of Freedom - ABC News

COVID-19 vaccine acceptance is increasing around the world – The Hill

July 7, 2022

COVID-19 vaccine acceptance rose globally during 2021 even during a time of uneven vaccine distribution, according to a new study published earlier this week.

For the study, researchers surveyed more than 23,000 individuals across 23 countries, finding vaccine acceptance rose by 3.7 percentage points from the year earlier to 75.2 percent in 2021.

The authors noted the most common forms of hesitancy stemmed from mistrust in the science and effectiveness and safety concerns. Othercommon reasons for hesitation were rooted in personal experience, like sickness.

Our country is in a historic fight against the coronavirus. Add Changing America to your Facebook or Twitter feed to stay on top of the news.

Researchers found a particular countrys mortality rate and caseload were not related to its level of hesitancy. Vaccine hesitancy was reported most frequently in Russia and Nigeria in June 2021 and least frequently in China and the U.K.

But researchers said support for vaccine mandates varied widely and often depended on context.

In order to improve global vaccination rates, some countries may at present require people to present proof of vaccination to attend work, school, or indoor activities and events, CUNY Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy Senior Scholar Jeffrey Lazarus said in a statement.

Our results found strong support among participants for requirements targeting international travelers, while support was weakest among participants for requirements for schoolchildren.

The authors warned that although some countries are moving away from some mitigation measures, the pandemic is not over and vaccination campaigns should continue.

Researchers at the CUNY Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy (CUNY SPH), the Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Dalhousie University and the University of Calgary were involved in the study published in Nature Communications.

World Health Organization data shows that more than 12 billion vaccines have been administered globally as of July 6.

Currently, around 222 million people in the U.S. are fully vaccinated, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

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COVID-19 vaccine acceptance is increasing around the world - The Hill

Myocarditis or Pericarditis Following mRNA COVID-19 Vaccination | American Council on Science and Health – American Council on Science and Health

July 7, 2022

Post-marketing surveillance of Pfizers and Modernas COVID vaccination hasidentified a possible association between its use and subsequent episodes of myocarditis and pericarditis two forms of heart inflammation. Pericarditis involves the inflammation of the sac containing the heart, whichacts as a buffer of the hearts beat and causes discomfort from all that motion when inflamed. Myocarditis is an inflammation of the middle layers of the hearts wall, and it too causes pain and may lead to the heart failing its function in fully circulating our blood. Both pericarditis and myocarditis are associated with viral infection, although the underlying cause is unknown in many cases. Both are generally self-limiting problems that resolve with medical support instead of medical intervention.

The Study

The research is based on Ontario, Canadas system for reporting adverse events after COVID immunization between December 2020 and September 2021. Reporting is mandatory for healthcare professionals and voluntary for patients or their caregivers. So we can say at the start that the total number of adverse events is undercounted, but probably not by an order of magnitude. Those cases where the patient shrugged off a twinge and didn't seek care, do notrepresent significant morbidity. There were roughly 19.7 million doses of the mRNA vaccines administered and 417 cases of myocarditis or pericarditis found in the Ontario registry.

The diagnosis of myocarditis or pericarditis can be uncertain; very few are lining up for a biopsy of their heart to provide histologic proof. The researchers categorized the uncertainty of the myocarditis and pericarditis cases using the Brighton criteria. The Brighton Collaborative, which was founded long before COVID in 2001, isan international effort to define the adverse effects of immunization. Their methodology has been adopted in many countries, including Canada. Brighton defined three levels of certainty associated with myocarditis and pericarditis: Level 1, a definite case, confirmed biopsy or MRI, Level2, and Level 3, a possible case, based upon symptoms, an abnormal EKG, and some biomarkers of inflammation not of cardiac injury (e.g., c-reactive protein). Using these definitions, the researchers identified 71% of the reported cases as meeting one of the three levels of certainty. Of these 297 cases:

More Data = Better Data

Much of this has been known since early in the mass vaccination programs but what follows comes from recognizing that percentages will change as the numerator, the number of cases, and the denominator, the number of vaccinated individuals change that is just math. More importantly, having patience enough to wait for the longer term, more defined, better information can be helpful.

The incidence of myocarditis and pericarditis decreased as the interval between vaccine dosages increased. Mixing the doses given, one of Moderna and one of Pfizer, a heterologous schedule also resulted in a reduced case rate for these adverse effects.

These results are in line with those seen in the US. But here is where our friends to the North differed:Rather than stop vaccinations or whip up a politically driven angst, they chose to change their approach when the evidence changed. They began to preferentially offer the Pfizer vaccine to the more at-risk younger males and issued guidelines that recommended a longer interval between doses.

Comparing the Adverse Effects of the Vaccine With Covid Itself

Finally, to give all these numbers some context, consider a study done on patients hospitalized with COVID in the US during a similar period. [2]

Getting it Right

Understandably, amid an evolving pandemic, we will get things wrong. It is less understandable that we would attribute these errors to evil intent.I am not suggesting that we do not act on the information we have, but that we are a bit more humble in presenting and refuting those findings as the data evolve.As with any other drug or therapy, adverse effects will inevitably be present. But it is critical to consider the effects along with the benefit of the treatment. Failure to do so can only provide slanted and incorrect information to the public, just about the last we need during the pandemic. Last word to the researchers,

Of importance, the risk of myocarditis or pericarditis following receipt of mRNA vaccines also needs to be considered in association with risks of myocarditis following SARS-CoV-2 infection (i.e., higher rates of myocarditis following infection than vaccination) and the high effectiveness of mRNA vaccine products. These results will also be helpful in the ongoing contextualization of the risk of myocarditis or pericarditis following receipt of mRNA vaccines compared with the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection and associated outcomes.

[1] Remember that these patients sought and received medical attention and may reflect an overestimate of severity. The percentages have been rounded.

[2] Again patient selection of the hospitalized overestimates the impact of myocarditis, but it is a relatively apples-to-apples comparison since the same criteria were used in the Canadian study.

Source: Myocarditis or Pericarditis Following mRNA COVID-19 Vaccination JAMA Network Open DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.18505

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Myocarditis or Pericarditis Following mRNA COVID-19 Vaccination | American Council on Science and Health - American Council on Science and Health

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