Category: Corona Virus Vaccine

PORTSMOUTH, Va. (WAVY) Why are Black people in America three times more likely to die from COVID-19? Studies show a patients zip code plays a role in health disparities but new research shows DNA is also a factor.

Black people make up about 13 percent of the population, but 22 percent of the people killed by COVID-19.

Dr. Robert Winn, director of the Massey Cancer Center at Virginia Commonwealth University, recently partnered with researchers at Oxford University to investigate whether something in the DNA that causes high blood pressure in Black Americans is also leading to a staggering COVID-19 death rate.

Just like in high blood pressure, the ACE receptors are active and highly active and they seem to be really hyperactive in African Americans, said Winn.

That hyperactivity could go biologically ballistic when the body is exposed to the novel coronavirus. Winn says there is a subgroup that quickly falls victim to the dreaded cytokine storm.

This is the concept of too much of a good thing aint good, said Winn.

The cytokine storm can occur within a week of infection from the coronavirus. During the so-called storm, the immune system goes overboard in responding to the virus by creating inflammation that destroys organs. Many persons of African descent are familiar with keloids that form following a cut or trauma to the skin. Winn says the immune systems overreaction that causes keloids is akin to the overreaction that triggers the deadly cytokine storm.

Winns research shows cytokine storms can be brought under control when certain patients are given ACE D inhibitors to clam hyperactive ACE receptors.

And when we used the ACE D inhibitor, that was the polymorph that we saw, we could see that there was a potentially better outcome, said Winn.

Winn says the DNA of African Americans often gets another assault from how patients live.

Lets not play that its only about our genetic basis. The truth of the matter is when you live in high-stress areas poor access to food, when youre in a house where you cannot separate remember those things are impacting your genes in real-time.

Several studies are being used to promote the use of certain ACE inhibitors to block the formation of cytokine storms. While the science on COVID-19 and DNA is still under review, Winn says the best thing you can do now is to wear a mask, practice social distancing and get a flu shot.

View the study done by Winn and others.

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Solving the mystery of why COVID-19 kills a disproportionate number of Black Americans - WAVY.com

COVID-19 positivity rates increase ahead of NYCs return to indoor dining

Positive COVID-19 test rates rose to 1.93 percent on Monday, the New York Times reports, heightening concerns about a possible second shutdown in NYC. Gov. Andrew Cuomo attributed the rise primarily to new clusters that have been identified in Brooklyn. He also noted upticks in positive cases in Rockland and Orange Counties in the Hudson Valley, according to the Times.

Mayor Bill de Blasio previously said that if the rate of positive cases went above 2 percent in the city, he would reconsider allowing restaurants to return to indoor dining. Currently, restaurants are slated to reopen their dining rooms tomorrow at 25 percent capacity.

Earlier in the month, Gov. Cuomo said that hed be nervous at reaching a 2 percent positivity rate, while a 3 percent positivity rate would be cause for alarm, according to the Times. On Tuesday, he reiterated that, for now, NYC wasnt at the point of rolling back anything.

In a separate press conference on Tuesday, de Blasio confirmed that indoor dining will go ahead tomorrow, and clarified that the city may reevaluate the decision if positive test rates go above three percent on a rolling seven-day average.

Update, 12:45 p.m.: This post has been updated with comments from the mayors and governors press conferences on Tuesday.

Donations have poured in to support historic Neirs Tavern in Queens after it was burglarized last Friday. A GoFundMe set up to raise money for repairs and lost revenue met its $2,500 goal within 24 hours, QNS.com reports.

The Bronx Brewery has teamed up with its first-ever food partner, Empanology, to start collaborating on a food and beer menu that will feature items like the restaurants chopped cheese empanada paired with the brewerys World Gone Hazy IPA. Empanology will be open for outdoor dining and takeout daily from the brewery, with delivery options to follow, according to a restaurant spokesperson.

The Post details the lengths that some NYC restaurants are going to in order to prepare for the return of indoor dining.

Gramercy restaurant Laut Singapura is hosting a cocktail event from October 2 through October 4 featuring drinks based off of five of the Worlds 50 Best Bars in Singapore. Tickets to the event are $75 apiece and include five cocktails paired with savory bites.

Williamsburg restaurant and wine bar the Four Horsemen now has a Daymoves coffee cart stationed in front of the restaurant, serving coffee and La Bicyclette pastries Monday through Thursday from 8 a.m. to 3 p.m. and Friday through Sunday from 11 a.m. to 4 p.m.

A welcome addition to NYCs outdoor dining lineup:

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NYC Reports Uptick in Positive COVID-19 Cases Days Before Indoor Dining Return - Eater NY

NASHVILLE, Tenn. (AP) The Tennessee Titans wont be back inside their building until Saturday at the earliest because of eight positive tests for the coronavirus, the first outbreak to hit the NFL as it tries to play a full schedule amid the pandemic.

Tennessee is scheduled to host Pittsburgh in a matchup of two of the leagues seven remaining undefeated teams on Sunday, and Steelers coach Mike Tomlin said his team has been given a mandate to prepare as if the game will be played on time even if the Titans are unable to practice.

Were going to trust the medical experts, Tomlin said. If they deem it safe for us to proceed, were going to go down there with the intention of playing and playing to win.

Tennessee suspended in-person activities through Friday after the NFL said three Titans players and five personnel tested positive for the coronavirus. The NFL had played three weeks without a COVID-19 outbreak. Now, the Titans will become the first significant in-season test of the leagues virus protocols.

The Minnesota Vikings also suspended in-person activities Tuesday following the Titans test results. The Titans beat the Vikings 31-30 in Minneapolis last weekend.

Both clubs are working closely with the NFL and the NFLPA, including our infectious disease experts, to evaluate close contacts, perform additional testing and monitor developments, the league said in a statement.

The Titans placed a pair of key players, defensive captain and lineman DaQuan Jones and long snapper Beau Brinkley, on the reserve/COVID-19 list later Tuesday.

The Vikings released a statement saying they had not received any positive results from their testing after Sundays game and they followed NFL protocol by closing their facility immediately. The Minnesota complex will remain closed at least through Wednesday.

Minnesota is scheduled to visit Houston (0-3) on Sunday.

All decisions will be made with health and safety as our primary consideration, the NFL said. We will continue to share updates as more information becomes available.

If they kick off Sunday, the Titans will have spent three days in virtual, video meetings with possibly only a walk-through Saturday. The prospect of a team facing a competitive disadvantage because of the virus was not a surprise to Tomlin.

Once we left the station and we got all teams into a training camp-like setting, we as a collective, meaning the National Football League, acknowledged that this COVID environment could be challenging to that, Tomlin said. So we all proceeded with that understanding.

Titans coach Mike Vrabel is scheduled to talk to reporters Wednesday morning.

I just wanna play, Titans starting left guard Rodger Saffold tweeted.

Commissioner Roger Goodell sent a memo to teams Tuesday noting the protocols set up by the league and the NFLPA are being followed. Those who tested positive will be isolated, monitored and offered medical care, and family members also are offered testing. Officials and others who worked the game will be tested.

This is not unexpected; as Dr. Sills and others have emphasized, there will be players and staff who will test positive during the season, Goodell wrote in the memo obtained by The Associated Press, referencing the NFLs chief medical officer, Dr. Allen Sills. We are exploring in more detail the nature of the close contacts to determine where they occurred (locker room, flights, etc.), and identify any additional learnings that can be shared with all clubs.

Goodell asked teams to look at what theyve done to limit contact, especially when traveling and within position groups, and to review how they bring in players for tryouts. He noted the test results affirm the need to follow health and safety protocols to the fullest extent.

The NFL has been fining coaches and teams when coaches have violated league rules requiring face coverings during games.

Steelers defensive tackle Cam Heyward posted on Twitter that if the game were postponed, players would be compromised in their preparation for the following week.

This is wild but this is the world we live in now, Heyward wrote.

The Titans beat the Vikings in Minneapolis without outside linebackers coach Shane Bowen, who did not travel with the team following a virus test result Saturday. Vrabel said Monday that Bowen was not with the team.

Rookie offensive lineman Isaiah Wilson, the Titans top draft pick out of Georgia, also has been on the reserve/COVID-19 list since Sept. 6.

The Titans, like other NFL teams, use devices that detect whenever someone is within 6 feet of another device and records how long they are that close together. That means the league has data on everyones interactions from inside the team headquarters to the practice field, an airplane, inside a hotel and at a stadium.

That information should help the Titans and the infectious disease experts know which players and coaches were at risk. The closure of Tennessees facility should also help limit further spread of the virus.

The Titans are due to have about 7,000 fans in Nissan Stadium on Sunday as local restrictions on large gatherings have been eased. That number is set to expand to about 8,500 on Oct. 11 for a game against Buffalo and up to 10,000 on Oct. 18, when Houston is scheduled to visit.

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AP Pro Football Writer Dave Campbell in Minneapolis and AP Sports Writer Will Graves in Pittsburgh contributed to this report.

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Follow Teresa M. Walker at https://twitter.com/TeresaMWalker

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More AP NFL: https://apnews.com/NFL and https://twitter.com/AP_NFL

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Titans have NFL's first COVID-19 outbreak: 8 positive tests - The Associated Press

Three players and five staffers with the Tennessee Titans tested positive for coronavirus, forcing two NFL teams off the practice field on Tuesday, the league and players union announced.

Both the Titans and Minnesota Vikings, who played host this past Sunday in Minneapolis, "will suspend in-person club activities starting today," according to the joint statement.

The Vikings said that, as of Tuesday morning, it had received no positive tests results for anyone with their club.

The Titans are next scheduled to host to the Pittsburgh Steelers and the Vikings are supposed to take on the Houston Texas. Both games are set for 1 p.m. ET on Sunday.

The statement did not make mention if those upcoming contests will be played.

"All decisions will be made with health and safety as our primary consideration," according to the union and league. "We will continue to share updates as more information becomes available."

The league's Covid-19 protocols do not spell out exactly how many players would need to test positive for a game to be postponed.

"There is no algorithm for postponing a game," NFL spokesman Brian McCarthy said in a statement to NBC News. "We will monitor and evaluate the situation on a day-by-day basis."

In a memo to all teams, NFL Commissioner Roger Goodell said the positive tests on the Titans should be a stark reminder to follow all health rules.

These results confirm the need to remain diligent in implementing all of our health and safety protocols to the fullest extent, Goodell wrote. This includes not only our testing program, but facility maintenance, wearing of PPE by players and staff, and carefully regulating behavior and contracts outside of the club facility."

The commissioner continued: "It is also critical to remind everyone in your organization players and non-players immediately to report any symptoms that they have, or that family members or others with whom they are in close contact have, to your club physician or Infection Control Officer.

And as of Tuesday evening, the Steelers still expect to be playing at Nissan Stadium in Nashville.

"We dont have a lot of definitive answers long term as to what the prognosis looks like," Steelers Coach Mike Tomlin told reporters. "We have been given a mandate to prepare as if the game is going to be played, and played on time. So that is our mentality. "

The NFL has completed three weeks of games, which have been played largely inside empty stadiums.

The Titans are among the few teams that will allow a handful of spectators. While their first home game on Sept. 20 against Jacksonville was a closed-door contest, this Sunday's Steelers game if played will have about 7,000 people watching in person.

If the Titans-Steelers game has to be postponed, the NFL would have a viable option to reschedule. Tennessee is off on Sunday, Oct. 25, which is the same day as Steelers are set to play the Baltimore Ravens.

Both the Steelers and Ravens have bye weeks on the following Nov. 1, so the NFL could move this Sunday's Titans-Steelers game to Oct. 25 and push Pittsburgh-Baltimore to the following weekend.

David K. Li is a breaking news reporter for NBC News.

See the article here:

Titans, Vikings shut down in-person activities after NFL's first Covid-19 outbreak - NBC News

Raina MacIntyre, who heads the biosecurity program at the Kirby Institute of the University of New South Wales in Sydney, Australia, said she would not recommend the emergency use of vaccines before the conclusion of Phase 3 trials. AstraZeneca, the British-Swedish company, halted late-stage testing in the United States on a vaccine candidate this month after one volunteer fell seriously ill for unknown reasons.

Flawed vaccines can cause significant health problems. In 2017, children who were injected with Sanofis dengue vaccine became sicker. Children vaccinated against respiratory syncytial virus, or R.S.V., in the 1960s also suffered side effects, resulting in trials being scrapped.

Broad inoculation campaigns also increase the risk of getting multiple vaccines, which could have adverse effects on a persons immune response.

It may be three to six months before we get Phase 3 trial results its not that long to wait, Dr. MacIntyre said. You are potentially muddying the waters for the time when we do have Phase 3 trial data for the best possible vaccine.

Still, China may not want to wait.

In an interview with China Central Television, the state broadcaster, Mr. Zheng, the health official, said that when cold weather arrived, the government might consider expanding the scope of who qualified for emergency use, adding people who work in markets, transportation and the service industry.

The goal is to first establish an immune barrier among special populations, so that the operations of the entire cities will have a stable guarantee, Mr. Zheng said.

The vaccine makers and local governments stress that participation is voluntary, and many people who take the vaccines pay a considerable amount to do so. According to government notices, the vaccines would cost about $148, putting them out of reach for many in a country where 600 million people make that much in a month.

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China Gives Unproven Covid-19 Vaccines to Thousands, With Risks Unknown - The New York Times

Director of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Anthony Fauci, testifies ... [+] during a US Senate Senate Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions Committee hearing to examine Covid-19, focusing on an update on the federal response in Washington, DC, on September 23, 2020. (Photo by Graeme JENNINGS / POOL / AFP) (Photo by GRAEME JENNINGS/POOL/AFP via Getty Images)

With four vaccines against Covid-19 in the final stage of U.S. clinical trials and a fifth on its way, Dr. Anthony Fauci sees the potential for vaccines to hold promise in some patient populations better than others.

Fauci said late last week he remains optimistic about vaccines in their final stage of development and he believes Americans will begin to be vaccinated in November and December. And as vaccines are approved, researchers may find that one works better on one population than others.

There may be different vaccines for different situations, Fauci, who is the director of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, told Dr. Howard Bauchner, editor of JAMA during an interview Friday afternoon.

Fauci made his comments a day after Maryland-based Novavax said it would begin phase 3 clinical trials of its coronavirus vaccine in the United Kingdom. Fauci said the Novavax vaccine is expected to begin final stage clinical trials in the U. S. in October.

We have the first four and one more, Novavax, is going into a phase 3 trial,Fauci said. We have a bunch of candidates going.

The Novavax trial is the fifth supported by the U.S. governments Operation Warp Speed effort designed to quickly bring vaccines against Covid-19 to market. Novavax, which has never brought a vaccine to market, was awarded a $1.6 billion grant to produce 100 million dosages of a coronavirus vaccine by early next year.

The four other vaccines against Covid-19 in final-stage U.S. clinical trials are being developed by Moderna, Pfizer, Johnson & Johnson and AstraZeneca, providing several options should one not be as effective as another.

You might find when you do a clinical trial, that you maybe have three or four vaccines that are effective, Fauci told JAMAs Bauchner.

But you may find one that does better in an older population than another, Fauci added. It could be that you would recommend, that if you are an older person you get this vaccine versus that. That is something we wish for namely that we have enough vaccines that you can tailor the better one for each individual group.

Watch the entire video of JAMAs interview with Fauci that included a detailed update on Covid-19 vaccine development:

Read more here:

Fauci Sees Covid-19 Vaccines For Different Patients With Five In Final-Stage U.S. Trials - Forbes

Senior Fellow at Stanford University's Hoover Institution Scott Atlas holds a Covid-19 vaccine playbook and distribution plan during a press conference with US President Donald Trump in the Brady Briefing Room of the White House on September 16, 2020, in Washington, DC. (MANDEL NGAN/Getty Images North America/TNS)

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Employers can require workers to get a COVID-19 vaccine. Will it come to that? - The Virginian-Pilot - The Virginian-Pilot

Nicholas, 65, had gone into the hospital after experiencing trouble breathing. Five days later, he went into the intensive care unit because his breathing got worse.

It didn't take long for doctors to determine that Nicholas and his wife, Mary Jane, both had Covid-19. While hospitalized, he learned of his older brother's death, and 12 days later, Nicholas, too, succumbed to the virus.

Family members said Nicholas and Ralph, 68, were great friends and enjoyed spending time together, especially on family vacations.

Mary Jane and Ralph's widow, Ann, described their husbands as being "big family men" and said they "loved being grandfathers."

Ann said that after Ralph died, more than 50 employees of JetBlue, where he worked, drove past their house to honor his life.

Mary Jane said on the day she brought Nicholas' ashes home, her neighbors honored him with signs and banners and raised a glass to Nicholas.

Remembering Ralph's legacy

Ralph Thomas Gismondi was born July 30, 1951, in Queens, New York, to Josephine and Nicholas Gismondi. He attended Mater Christi High School, St. Johns College and Queens College, majoring in history.

Ralph served as a member of the New York City Fire Department and retired at the rank of captain. He was among the first responders on duty on September 11, 2001. Ralph also served as a flight attendant for JetBlue Airlines and was still employed there when he died, Ann said.

Ann said "he enjoyed traveling and loved working for JetBlue." She described Ralph as "one of the most sociable people you would ever want to meet."

"We have been together since I was 15 and he was 16," said Ann. They married in 1970 and had two daughters, Lisa and Lori.

"He was a very hands on father and grandfather," she said.

Ralph entered the hospital March 17 with symptoms of a cough, fever and shortness of breath. He tested positive for Covid-19 on March 19, and Ann tested positive a few days later.

Ralph died April 5 due to coronavirus complications. "I could not have a funeral for him. I did not have, you know, that closure. It was just a freaking nightmare," said Ann.

Ralph was the first JetBlue employee to die of the virus.

His friends and family attested to his great personality in his online obituary. "Simply the best, always made me feel happy" and "His kindness and friendship will always be remembered" were among the comments.

"He loved people and people loved him. He was a larger-than-life character," said Ann.

Along with Ann, Lisa and Lori, Ralph is survived by his grandchildren, Ally, Kera, Elvis, Dylan and Summer.

Remembering Nicholas' legacy

Nicholas Joseph Gismondi, was born April 12, 1955, in Queens. He was known by "Poppi" to those closest to him.

Nicholas attended Monsignor McClancy High School and was known as an exceptional baseball and basketball player. He earned the Brooklyn/Queens Player of the Year award and was inducted into McClancy's Hall of Fame. Scouts took notice of his baseball skills and recruited him to St. Francis College in Brooklyn, where he majored in accounting.

"He was kind, he was always laughing. He had a great laugh," Mary Jane said.

Nicholas met Mary Jane in 1974 at a small group dinner with mutual friends. They married in 1982 and had three sons, Christopher, Nicholas and Michael.

Christopher said his father was known as "someone who always wanted to turn life's lemons into lemonade."

They lived in Westfield, New Jersey, where Nicholas was known as a devoted member of the community. Nicholas, known by many in the community as "Mr. Nick," brought his passion for baseball to Westfield by serving as the president of the Westfield Baseball League. He was later inducted into the Westfield Booster Hall of Fame.

"Volunteerism and giving back to the community were very important to him," said Mary Jane.

On March 31, Nicholas and Mary Jane entered the hospital because of trouble breathing. Nicholas had symptoms of a cough and fever. Both tested positive for Covid-19.

Nicholas died from Covid-19 on April 17. He leaves behind his wife, his three children and two grandchildren, Juliette and Luke.

Nicholas and Ralph are survived by their sister, Joanne, and their parents, Josephine, 93, and Nicholas, 96.

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He lost his brother to Covid-19. Twelve days later, he died, too - CNN

TORONTO -- Nearly 200 COVID-19 vaccines are in development, and more than 60 of those are at various stages of human testing.

But for some, a vaccine isnt coming soon enough, so they have taken to making their own and giving them to others despite criticism that this could be dangerous for recipients and set back the entire vaccination movement.

Known as the citizen science vaccine initiative, some independent scientists, technologists and science enthusiasts are designing "do-it-yourself inoculations" against COVID-19. They say it is their only chance to become immune without waiting a year or more for a vaccine to be formally approved.

Preston Estep, an American biologist and co-founder of the Rapid Deployment Vaccine Collaborative (RaDVaC) in Boston, has created his own inhaled vaccine and is currently testing it on himself.

I was guinea pig number 1, Estep said in an interview with CTV News.

While COVID-19 vaccines are being developed at record speed, it will still take months and possibly years before those inoculations are widely administered to the public.

We didn't have the time to wait for that, so we employed a longstanding tradition in vaccines and in medicine more generally, of self-experimentation to try to accelerate that process, Estep explained.

However, Estep and his colleagues are not the only ones designing DIY vaccines. Other scientists are also using this unconventional approach to find an immunization against SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19.

For Esteps vaccine, he and other researchers with RaDVaC used common ingredients and fragments of the coronavirus protein to produce a liquid they think will boost the immune system's ability to recognize the virus.

The vaccine consists of just a few very simple ingredients. It can be easily made, we make it in a private lab but we could make it at home, Estep said.

It could be made in a physician's office very easily, he added.

He explained that the vaccine consists of just five ingredients, two of which are water and sodium chloride. He said the other ingredients are relatively accessible and extremely well-tested while minimal equipment is required.

RaDVaC has shared the formula for the vaccine online, but no one knows yet if it works.

Whether or not it provides protective immunity is an open question, but that's an open question for every vaccine, Estep said.

He said their vaccine poses minimal risk and has not shown any adverse reactions in those who have taken it.

We've had a couple of people experience mild headaches, out of the well over 100 doses that I've recorded in the dosage log, so it's pretty mild relative to the other commercial vaccines that are in production and in clinical trials, Estep said.

While RaDVaC consists of scientists and engineers that Estep says have a level of competence to judge the safety of the vaccine, other experts are warning that this kind of self-experimentation can be dangerous.

The biggest concern is that information about how to develop this vaccine in untrained hands really could lead to serious health harms, University of Illinois law professor Jacob Sherkow said in an interview with CTV News.

Sherkow said there is also concern that the DIY vaccine trend may spread beyond COVID-19.

As people learn about the do-it-yourself vaccine movement for COVID specifically, there's going to be hesitancy to take a vaccine that otherwise is commercially developed, either because of anti-government or anti-regulatory leanings, Sherkow explained.

Additionally, Sherkow said DIY vaccines may give ammunition to anti-vaccination conspiracy theories that are just starting to currently bubble over in the COVID context.

While it is impossible to stop someone from experimenting on themselves, critics say government regulators should step in and monitor this homemade vaccine trend.

Vaccines, before theyre approved, need to undergo clinical trials to ensure that theyre both safe and effective, Sherkow said.

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CTV is publishing this story about do-it-yourself inoculations against COVID-19 because news about the development of a vaccine is very much in the public interest. However, CTV strongly discourages people from engaging in the highly dangerous action of taking do-it-yourself inoculations.

See the article here:

Some scientists taking 'DIY inoculations' instead of waiting for COVID-19 vaccine - CTV News

By: Explained Desk | Pune | Updated: September 27, 2020 4:57:04 pmCommuters wearing protective masks board a subway during morning rush hour in New York (Photographer: Jeenah Moon/Bloomberg)

Coronavirus vaccine tracker: Nearly half the respondents in a new survey in the United States have said they would definitely, or probably, not take a coronavirus vaccine if it were to become available today.

Pew Research Centre, which carried out the survey among over 10,000 US adults between September 8 and 13, said the percentage of people who were willing to take the medicine had come down sharply from 72 per cent in May, when it had last conducted a similar survey, to 51 per cent now.

Only 21 per cent of the respondents said they would definitely take the vaccine, if it were available now.

Public confidence in the coronavirus vaccines being developed has been low because of the speed with which the process is moving and apprehensions that it was being driven more by political considerations rather than by science.

Almost 77 per cent of the respondents in the Pew survey said they believed it was very, or somewhat, likely that a coronavirus vaccine would be approved in the United States before its safety or effectiveness was fully understood.

Because of such concerns, nine big pharmaceutical companies which are developing a vaccine for Covid19 disease, had earlier this month issued a statement promising to follow the rigorous methods of science in the pursuit of a vaccine. Last week, three of the leading developers AstraZeneca, Pfizer and Moderna also came out with detailed information on the clinical trials they were carrying out. Such information is usually not made public until the trials are completed and their results published.

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Among those who, in the Pew survey, said they would be reluctant to take the vaccine, 76 per cent flagged concerns about potential side effects as the reason for their unwillingness, while 72 per cent said they would like to have more information about these vaccines.

About 31 per cent of these people said they did not think they needed a vaccine.

The ones most talked about:

* AstraZeneca/Oxford University* Moderna* Pfizer/BioNTech* Johnson & Johnson* Sanofi/GlaxoSmithKline* Novavax* Russian vaccine, developed by Gamaleya Insttiute in Moscow* Three Chinese vaccines that have been approved for use in China without phase-3 trials being completed. One of them has been given emergency use authorisation in UAE

(As on September 25; source: WHO Coronavirus vaccine landscape of September 22, 2020)

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Coronavirus vaccine tracker, Sept 27: Only 50% of Americans willing to take covid-19 shot, shows survey - The Indian Express