Category: Corona Virus Vaccine

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Philly teens greet COVID-19 vaccination efforts with interest and skepticism – The Philadelphia Inquirer

February 4, 2022

In the bustling corridor outside Northeast High Schools gymnasium, a 15-year-old told one of Philadelphias best-known COVID-19 vaccination advocates he had doubts about what she was promoting.

I dont know, the boy said. I dont know about the vaccine.

His grandfather didnt want him to get it, he told Ala Stanford, pediatric surgeon and founder of the Black Doctors COVID-19 Consortium, dedicated to ensuring equity in the vaccination effort. If he did, he said, he might have his video games taken away.

Its up to you whether you get it or not, Stanford replied, but I will listen to you.

There were several interactions like that Wednesday morning, at the beginning of a two-day vaccination clinic hosted at the school by Stanford and the Federal Emergency Management Agency, who have been visiting city schools and will continue to do so through much of February. About 54% of the citys 12- to 17-year-olds and 47% of 5- to 11-year-olds are vaccinated, and thats not nearly enough, Stanford said.

In Philadelphia, anyone 11 or older may be vaccinated with or without parental consent, according to a health department spokesperson. The city School District has its own consent policy, Stanford said, requiring parental permission for shots administered to children in eighth grade or below, regardless of age. Allowing teens old enough to understand the need for vaccination to make their own decision, she said.

Students could check out of their lunch period and get the shots immediately. Staff hoped to vaccinate between 200 to 300 by the end of Thursday.

It was also a chance to ask questions of Stanford, who was treated as a visiting celebrity by staff and students.

We were so glad you were coming here, really, said Amy Leaness, a school nurse who described months of struggle managing COVID-19 at the school.

READ MORE: These doctors and nurses share COVID-19 falsehoods. They can become misinformation superspreaders.

Keeping track of student vaccinations, which determine whether a child needs to quarantine after a COVID-19 exposure, has been a logistical nightmare. Efforts to keep the virus out of the school hit a wall shortly after the holidays, when as many as 10 to 20 students a day were testing positive for COVID-19. Things have gotten better since.

Yet the vaccine refusals continue.

Weve had kids come in and say their parents arent allowing them to get it, said Margaret Beyer, another nurse.

Stanford said repeatedly Wednesday that students in ninth grade and up dont need parental permission to get vaccinated. Whether its to protect older family members who are more vulnerable to the worst effects of the virus, or to stay involved in youth sports, she kept the focus on the benefits of getting vaccinated.

After a morning assembly that introduced Stanford and the rules of the clinic to students, student Janiah Burris told Stanford she had gotten her second shot two months ago but was reluctant to get a booster when she became eligible. The 16-year-old later said she was worried it would make her sick. But instead of quizzing her on her motives, the doctor initially validated Burris concerns, telling her it was possible by the time she could get a booster in a few months COVID-19 might be less prevalent. If it wasnt, though, the booster would provide a big benefit.

Stanford described her own experience with a COVID-19 infection, told the girl how sick she got, and said being able to keep attending school and her job at Honeygrow would be easier if she was boosted.

You can even reach out to me in three months, Stanford said. Once Easter happens, think about reaching out to me.

Burris said later that the conversation clarified why boosters are helpful, but she still wasnt sure how much the shots mattered.

Im not sure its actually protecting me, she said.

Kaher Abuali, 16, said vaccination is not a big topic in his group.

READ MORE: Omicrons toughest foe is a booster shot, yet many in the Philly region are skipping theirs

They think corona wont affect us because were young, he said.

Abuali got his first dose Wednesday after being convinced by a friend and distant relative, Ayham Muhanna, 15. All morning, Muhanna worked his phone, calling friends and family within the schools Palestinian community to persuade them to get their shots.

He motivated me, bro, said Abuali, slapping hands with Muhanna. It was all him.

Muhanna didnt have plans to get his booster shot Wednesday, and didnt start the day intending to rally classmates around vaccination, but a presentation from Stanford at the beginning of the day inspired him.

Maybe Ill get my vaccine today, he described his thinking, and maybe Ill bring my friends along with me.

Many have young children in their families, he said, something he used to encourage them to go to the clinic.

Later, Muhanna strode across Northeast High Schools gymnasium toward a table where federal medical workers signed students up for vaccination.

I brought another family member! he shouted.

In a school where less than half of the roughly 3,200 students are vaccinated, a new proselytizer for vaccination was more than welcome.

He was the first to call me up right here, said the new kid Muhanna brought to the clinic, Ahmad Abuali, Kahers cousin.

As the morning passed, the boy whose grandfather didnt want him vaccinated didnt reappear. Stanford said she wished she had more time to talk to him. During their brief interaction, she emphasized that getting vaccinated was a confidential medical decision the boy was old enough to make.

I dont have to tell him, she told the boy, referring to his grandfather. You dont have to tell him.

The boy looked away from her as she spoke, considering. Then a distraction from security staff broke their conversation, and without a word the boy walked away, vanishing into the crush of students bustling through the hallway.

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Philly teens greet COVID-19 vaccination efforts with interest and skepticism - The Philadelphia Inquirer

COVID news live – UK latest: London face mask rules creating ‘atmosphere of fear’ as Plan B ends – Sky News

January 27, 2022

Around 30,375 NHS staff at hospital trusts in England were off work due to being unwell with COVID or having to self-isolate each day in the week leading up to 23 January, according to data from NHS England.

This was down 15% on the average of 35,555 staff absences during the previous week, but still nearly double the 17,836 average days off in the seven days up to 19 December.

Professor Stephen Powis, NHS England's national medical director, said: "While it is positive to see more NHS staff back at work, pressure on the NHS is still intense, having seen the busiest week for ambulances taking patients to A&E since the start of December - up almost 2,000 on the week before last - all while pushing to deliver as many routine checks and procedures as possible, including vital diagnostic checks."

The figures also showed the biggest drop was in the North West, with the seven-day average down 25% from 7,485 in the week to 16 January to 5,654 in the seven days up to 23 January.

This was followed by London, which was down 22% from 3,810 to 2,961, then the Midlands, down 13% from 8,498 to 7,428.

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COVID news live - UK latest: London face mask rules creating 'atmosphere of fear' as Plan B ends - Sky News

COVID news latest – live updates: New Omicron variant as restrictions eased across Wales and Northern Ireland – as hospital patients moved to hotel to…

January 21, 2022

New sub-lineage of Omicron coming - just as the government abandons all COVID rules... could the timing be any worse?

Analysis by Tom Clarke, science and technology editor

Could the timing be any worse? A new "sub-lineage" of Omicron coming along just as the government abandons all COVID restrictions.

But while BA.2. is definitely something to be keeping an eye on, it's not one to worry about too much based on what we know so far.

BA.2 has been circulating in the UK for some time at a low level compared to the dominant type of Omicron here (BA.1.)

In parts of India and the Philippines, it is the major version of Omicron.

In previous waves, there have been big regional differences in what sub-lineage of a particular variant is more, or less dominant.

The reason its been elevated to a "variant under investigation" today is because of whats happening in Denmark.

Yesterday, Danish officials announced the BA.2 sub-lineage now accounted for nearly 50% of cases in Denmark (up from just 20% at Christmas).

What's more the BA.1. version of Omicron and the Delta variant are on their way down in the country. Denmark also finds itself in a spectacular surge in COVID-19 cases.

It's good evidence, though not proof, that the BA.2. might be more infectious than BA.1.

The question scientists in Denmark are trying to answer is whether case numbers are surging there because of the BA.2 lineage or would have done, whichever flavour of Omicron it might be.

The feeling among virologists is that BA.2 can't be that much more infectious than BA.1 because if it was, wed likely have seen it rapidly replace BA.1. in places like the UK. Yet we've seen a very small number of cases.

For that reason its unlikely to lead to a significant new wave of cases here the difference between Omicron BA.1. and BA.2. is nothing like the difference between Delta and Omicron.

Another reason we shouldn't be too concerned is that evidence from Denmark and India shows no evidence of increased severity of illness with BA.2 compared to BA.1.

And while BA.1 is genetically different from BA.2 it is not anticipated it will be much better at avoiding antibodies from vaccines or previous infections.

The worst that might happen is BA.2 gradually replaces BA.1 in the UK and makes the downward slope of our Omicron wave a little bit longer.

But if COVID-19 has taught us anything its to assume nothing and wait for the evidence. So watch this space.

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COVID news latest - live updates: New Omicron variant as restrictions eased across Wales and Northern Ireland - as hospital patients moved to hotel to...

Coronavirus | Category | Fox Business

January 16, 2022

Chains such as Starbucks Corp. and Chipotle Mexican Grill Inc. said they are temporarily limiting operations at individual stores or regions as they face labor shortages and a rise in Covid-19 cases.

Apple Inc will require retail and corporate employees to provide proof of a COVID-19 booster shot

After a year of strong retail sales, consumers are starting to feel the impact of inflation and real income as it materializes across the economy.

Hundreds of students in Boston and Chicago walked out of classes Friday in protests demanding a switch to remote learning as a surge in COVID-19 cases fueled by the omicron variant disrupted efforts at returning to in-person education around the United States.

The antiviral covid-19 pills developed by U.S. firms are the next step in the pandemic battle.

Rep. Mike Gallagher, R-Wis., weighs in on the Biden administrations use of the COVID relief funds on Maria Bartiromos Wall Street

Gubernatorial candidate Dr. Neil Shah tells 'FOX Business Tonight' why he launched his bid for public office.

Austin City Council member Mackenzie Kelly reacts to the new orders on 'Varney & Co

Survest CEO Rob Luna and Kadina Group president Gary B. Smith reveal their investing rules on 'Making Money.'

Dr. Claudia Cohn, Association for Advancement of Blood and Biotherapies CMO, provides insight into why the U.S. is facing the worst blood shortage in over a decade.

Eugene Scalia says the Supreme Court's decision to block President Biden's OSHA vaccine mandate is a major setback for the Labor Department, shrinking their authority.

Ashley Moody reacts to the Supreme Court's "spot on" decision to block Biden's federal vaccine mandate.

The Supreme Court confirmed what we have long argued: OSHA does not have the authority to implement this sweeping regulation that will burden American businesses.

Trucking companies and manufacturers say new Covid-19 vaccine mandates set to take effect at the U.S.-Canada border could upend an already fragile logistics network.

Citigroup plans to meet a Friday vaccination deadline, despite the Supreme Court ruling blocking the Biden administration's enforcement of a COVID-19 mandate for businesses with 100 or more employees.

Charlie LeDuff criticizes Michigan Gov. Gretchen Whitmer for undercounting nursing home deaths due to COVID on Kennedy.

Cato Institutes constitutional studies director Ilya Shapiro dissects the meaning of the SCOTUS ruling on the OSHA and CMS mandates on Kennedy.

Dr. Marty Makary discusses the recent California study on omicron showing the mildness of the illness and the role of natural immunity on Fox Business Tonight.

Business groups are celebrating the Supreme Court's decision to block a COVID-19 vaccine and testing mandate for employers with 100 or more employees

The Supreme Court on Thursday issued mixed rulings in a pair of cases challenging the Biden administration's COVID-19 vaccine mandates.

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Coronavirus | Category | Fox Business

CORONA VIRUS | Wayne County Health Department

January 16, 2022

The Wayne County Health Department will be administeringInitial, Second, and Third dose booster COVID-19 vaccine

WAYNE COUNTY HEALTH DEPARTMENT203 S. WALNUT STREET WOOSTER,OH 44691

January 13, 2022 Pfizer and Johnson & Johnson ONLY 9:00am - 1:00pmJanuary 20, 2022 Moderna, Pfizer, & Johnson & Johnson 9:00am - 1:00pm

Appointments MUST be scheduled for ALLclinics andare available by clicking this link.Please bring verification of your vaccine status with you,otherwise vaccine cannot be administered.

For booster dosesyou musthave received2 doses of the Pfizer or Moderna vaccine,with the second dose at least 5months ago.Those18 years of age or older areeligible for any booster doses. Those 12-17 are eligible for Pfizer booster only.

Johnson & Johnson vaccine must have been received at least 2 months ago.

If you are receiving an Initial dose of vaccine,you must be 12 years of age to receive Pfizer vaccine, and 18 years of age to receive Moderna vaccine.

**Please note: Once all appointments are full, you will be unable to schedule. **

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CORONA VIRUS | Wayne County Health Department

Dr. Fauci: ‘Universal coronavirus vaccines’ could help the world tackle Covid and the next pandemic – CNBC

January 16, 2022

There's a new kind of vaccine on the horizon and it could help target all coronaviruses, not just Covid-19.

On Tuesday, White House chief medical advisor Dr. Anthony Fauci testified to Congress about the country's efforts to develop a pan-coronavirus vaccine, meant to combat both Covid and other similar viruses that could emerge in the coming years. The short-term applications of a vaccine that effectively tackles all forms of Covid could be significant, Fauci said: "We won't be chasing after the next variant."

Longer term, Fauci said, the development of a universal coronavirus vaccine could help prevent the world's next pandemic. Non-Covid coronaviruses have been responsible for diseases like SARS and MERS over the past two decades, alongside many common cold infections.

"The importance of developing a pan-coronavirus vaccine, namely one that would be effective against all SARS-CoV-2 variants, and ultimately against all coronaviruses, becomes even more apparent," Fauci told the Senate Health, Education, Labor and Pensions committee.

There's no set timeline for such a vaccine to become publicly available, but multiple research efforts are underway with promising early results.

In April 2021, Duke University researchers announced that their pan-coronavirus vaccine was "100% effective in non-human tests including testing on primates." The study noted "success in primates is very relevant to humans."

Five months later, Duke and two other academic institutions the University of Wisconsin and Boston-based Brigham and Women's Hospital received a total of roughly $36.3 million to fund the continued development of pan-coronavirus vaccines.

And in December, the U.S. Department of Defense's Walter Reed Army Institute of Research announced its own development of a vaccine that, in pre-clinical trials, "not only elicits a potent immune response but may also provide broad protection against SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern as well as other coronaviruses."

The Walter Reed vaccine, termed SpFN, completed its first phase of human trials last month, according to Defense One. It would still need to undergo phase 2 and phase 3 trials before advancing further.

"There's a lot of investment, not only in improving the vaccines that we have for SARS-CoV-2, but a lot of work to develop the next generation of vaccines, particularly universal coronavirus vaccines," Fauci said at the hearing.

According to Fauci, the technology behind these vaccine efforts isn't new. Rather, it relies on "clinical research investments" made decades before the Covid pandemic.

The same observation applies to the mRNA vaccine technology behind Pfizer and Moderna's Covid vaccines: The first mRNA vaccines were tested on mice in the 1990s, and were simply too expensive and difficult to scale until recently.

"That same thing is going on right now [with universal coronavirus vaccines]," Fauci said.

Just don't expect pan-coronavirus vaccines to be available during the current surge of Covid's highly transmissible omicron variant. Even omicron-specific vaccines, which could be ready by March, will likely be "too late" to combat the highly contagious strain, experts told CNBC Make It on Monday.

"Given how quickly [omicron] is happening, [the targeted vaccine] may not matter because everybody's going to be infected," Dr. Shaun Truelove, an infectious disease epidemiologist at Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, told CNBC Make It.

At the hearing, Fauci maintained that the country's current inoculation strategy an initial vaccine regimen followed by a booster shot is still successful at preventing Covid hospitalizations and deaths. Boosters, he said, are particularly important against omicron.

"Data ... have indicated that vaccine-induced antibodies lose a considerable amount of potency in neutralizing the omicron variant," Fauci said. "[But] a third shot boost of an mRNA vaccine significantly reconstitutes and enhances the ability of antibodies from boosted individuals to neutralize the omicron variant, strongly suggesting that boosters will play a major role in protecting our population."

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Omicron-specific vaccine is coming but may not mattereverybodys going to be infected, says expert

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Dr. Fauci: 'Universal coronavirus vaccines' could help the world tackle Covid and the next pandemic - CNBC

Leiden Medical Center and Intravacc to start clinical …

January 16, 2022

BILTHOVEN, Netherlands, Jan. 5, 2022 /PRNewswire/ --Intravacc, a global leader in translational research and development of therapeutic vaccines and vaccines against infectious diseases, today announced a partnership with Dutch Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC) to develop and evaluate a new nasal spray corona vaccine in a clinical phase I/II study. This new vaccine, NANOVAC, is based on microscopic soluble nano-spheres,containing synthetic miniproteins that, when administered as a nasal spray, directly protects the upper respiratory tract including nasal passages and throat (mucosa) before the virus reaches the lungs. The design of this type of vaccine thereby makes the vaccine broadly protective, harnessing both arms of the immune system, against SARS-2 (COVID19) but also SARS-1, MERS, and other beta coronaviruses. Intravacc also develops AVACC-10, a nasal spray corona vaccine based on Outer Membrane Vesicles. Nasal spray vaccines are ideal to prevent and stop transmission to others andfor those with needle stick fears.

The planned clinical phase I/II study is made possible in part by the Top Consortium for Knowledge and Innovation (TKI) of Health~Holland, part of the Dutch top sector Life Sciences & Health. Health~Holland plays a connecting role between the business community, government, research institutes, patients and social organizations.

Dr. Luis Cruz's team, responsible for LUMC's Translational Nanobiomaterials and Imaging department, spent more than a year working on the new, sustainable and simple nasal spray vaccine. The preclinical studies in animals showed surprisingly positive results. The phase I/II clinical study is led by Dr Leo Visser of the Infectious Diseases Department of the LUMC. Intravacc will focus on a number of additional and preliminary preclinical exercises and the process development research of the vaccine through a scalable vaccine production process using its expertise in GMP vaccine production. The nasal spray vaccine will be tested on healthy volunteers to evaluate safety and tolerability. This phase I/II clinical trial is expected to start at the end of 2022 and the first study data is expected in the first half of 2023.

Dr. Luis J. Cruz, head of LUMC's Translational Nanobiomaterials and Imaging department, said:

"Intravacc and LUMC create major synergy by combining distinct complimentary expertises and competencies. A promising collaboration!"

Mode of action

NANOVAC is intended to protect humans against current and future COVID-19 variants. The nano vaccine candidate is not only based on spike protein but also other target proteins in the coronavirus. It consists of a nanoparticle formulation containing multi-epitopes polypeptides of the immunogenic spike (S) protein of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID19), as well as other 100% conserved epitopes derived from distinct coronavirus proteins of which important targeting has already been identified for inducing a complete humoral systemic and mucosal immune response, and cellular immunity response, both neutralizing antibodies and T cells, both for immediate immunization, and for a longer-term defense.

To enhance the effectiveness, the adjuvant hepatitis B core antigen HBcAg is used, which already has a proven effect in a nasal spray vaccine against liver inflammation. The HBcAG particle has been safely administered intranasally, serving as a carrier for nasal route and an immunostimulant for the mucosal immune cells of the nasal passages and upper respiratory tract. The vaccine does not apply the more recently used mRNA technique or of inactivated cold viruses (vectors).

The other COVID nasal spray vaccine that Intravacc is working on, AVACC-10, uses OMVs, vesicles that bacteria communicate with and that serve as a platform to transport a protein that can (eventually) fight COVID.

Platform-technology for NANOVAC and AVACC-10

In addition to COVID-19, the platform technologies on which these vaccines are based can also be used for the development of vaccines against a variety of other diseases. Several clinical studies with vaccine candidates developed on these platforms and administered by nasal spray or injection, have demonstrated safety for use in humans. NANOVAC and AVACC 10 can be quickly adapted to new COVID virus variants and then produced rapidly in large quantities and cheaper than existing vaccines. In addition, they can be stored at room temperature, which simplifies transport over longer distances. This makes these vaccines an ideal solution for lower-income countries with a more limited medical infrastructure.

Jan Groen PhD, Intravacc's Chief Executive Officer comments:

"I am particularly pleased with Intravacc's input in the development of this new nasal spray vaccine. This concept and Intravacc's own AVACC-10 vaccine are potential game-changers in the fight against COVID. According to renowned immunologist Professor Ed Lavelle, of Trinity College Dublin, transmission of the virus is best blocked where it enters the body. It is therefore preferable to administer the vaccine via a spray in the nose for direct immunization of the throat and nasal mucosa (2022 nose spray interview)."

About Intravacc

Intravacc, located Dutch Utrecht Science Park in Bilthoven, is a leading global contract developer and producer of innovative vaccines for infectious diseases and immunotherapy. As an established independent CDMO organization with over 100 years of experience in developing and optimizing vaccines and vaccine technologies, Intravacc has transferred its technology related to polio vaccines, measles vaccines, DPT vaccines, Hib vaccines and influenza vaccines around the world. Around 40% of vaccines targeting childhood diseases are based on Intravacc technology. Intravacc provides a broad range of expertise for independent vaccine development from concept to Phase I/II clinical trials for partners worldwide, including universities, public health organizations (WHO, Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation) and biotech and pharmaceutical companies.

For more information, visit: http://www.intravacc.nl.

Contact info

IntravaccDr. Jan Groen, CEO T: +31 30 7920 454

Mirjam Hartman, Media relations T: +31 6 115 969 94 E: [emailprotected]

Leiden University Medical Center Paul Jonas MD. MSc., Public Health and Primary CareTel. +31 6 123 65 876E: [emailprotected]

LifeSpring Life Sciences Communication, Amsterdam, The Netherlands Leon Melens T: +31 6 538 16427 E: [emailprotected]

Logo- https://mma.prnewswire.com/media/1334670/Intravacc_Logo.jpg

SOURCE Intravacc

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Will We Need a 4th COVID-19 Vaccine Dose Due to Omicron? – Healthline

January 13, 2022

Early reports suggest the standard two doses of a COVID-19 vaccine may not provide sufficient protection against infection with the Omicron variant of the coronavirus, despite still offering enough protection against severe disease and death.

This has expedited the rollout of boosters in many countries, with vaccine-makers announcing that theyre working on variant-specific vaccines.

Although the necessity of three doses is becoming apparent, its less clear how long that protection lasts with antibodies waning over time.

Whether a fourth dose will eventually be needed to combat this and if so, when it will be administered remains largely unknown for now.

Heres what the experts think about this possibility.

Pfizer CEO Albert Bourla told CNBC that a fourth dose may be needed after preliminary research showed that the Omicron variant can undermine the antibodies generated by the COVID-19 vaccine. He also said we may need this dose sooner rather than later.

When we see real-world data, it will determine if the Omicron is well covered by the third dose and for how long. And the second point, I think we will need a fourth dose, Bourla said.

With Omicron we need to wait and see because we have very little information. We may need it faster, he added.

Despite these comments, the World Health Organization (WHO) hasnt decided to endorse a global rollout of booster shots and has signaled that more data is needed before a decision is made.

However, in December, Israel became the first country to approve a fourth dose of COVID-19 vaccines after Prime Minister Naftali Bennett announced that the second booster would be offered to those ages 60 or older and at-risk groups.

Those eligible, which includes healthcare workers and people with weakened immune systems, are now able to receive their second booster 4 months after their third dose.

Preliminary findings from a recent study carried out in Israel have shown that a fourth dose of the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine boosts antibodies fivefold a week after the shot is administered.

Meanwhile, the state of West Virginia has said it will also apply for permission from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) to start administering fourth doses to people over age 50, those with underlying conditions, and essential workers.

In countries such as Turkey, people who initially received two doses of CoronaVac the COVID-19 vaccine produced by the Chinese Sinovac Biotech have also been offered two extra doses of the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine.

The four-dose exception was introduced after studies showed that the former did not offer as much protection as mRNA vaccines.

Another topic on the table is that of shortening the intervals between the second dose and booster shots.

But Dr. Monica Gandhi, an infectious diseases specialist with the University of California, San Francisco, said that research indicates giving them too soon wont provide as much benefit.

The data so far does support giving boosters 4 to 6 months after the second dose, but spacing out doses actually increases immunogenicity, so I would not give sooner than 12 weeks after the last dose, she said.

At the moment, there isnt enough data to definitively say whether we need a fourth dose. However, an increasing number of reports are showing that three doses will be crucial for Omicron.

Draft research from Oxford published in December showed that just two doses of the AstraZeneca or Pfizer vaccines offered little protection against an Omicron infection.

[L]aboratory studies show that the Omicron variant could escape the neutralizing activity of antibodies elicited by the two-dose Pfizer vaccine substantially, although those with prior infection then vaccination had less escape, said Gandhi.

However, she pointed out that the two-dose mRNA vaccines were still protecting people with the Omicron variant from severe disease, referring to a recent study released in South Africa.

The study found that two doses provided 70 percent protection against hospitalization with Omicron and 33 percent protection against infection. These figures were 93 percent and 80 percent for the coronavirus variant Delta, respectively.

Previous data from Pfizer has shown that administering a booster dose significantly increases neutralizing antibodies, bringing the vaccines protection close to what two doses provided against Delta.

Similarly, an Israeli study compared people who had their second dose 5 to 6 months ago and those who had received a booster about a month ago. They found that a third dose provided 100-fold protection against Omicron.

An early analysis from the United Kingdom also suggested that booster shots prevented 70 to 75 percent of people from getting any symptoms. They found a slight difference depending on whether the initial doses were from the Oxford-AstraZeneca vaccine or Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine.

Based on data so far, Gandhi said that a fourth dose was unwarranted.

A third dose will help increase protection but we do not yet have a rationale for a fourth dose, she told Healthline.

Pfizer has said it is currently working on an Omicron-specific vaccine which could be ready for distribution as early as March 2022.

When faced with past coronavirus variants such as Delta and Beta, Pfizer and Moderna both worked on developing tweaked vaccines but saw that current formulas provided just as much protection.

We may or may not need to create a new vaccine tailored to new variants in the future, said Dr. William Schaffner, an infectious disease expert at Vanderbilt University in Nashville, Tennessee.

Theres a lot of question about whether that will be needed with Omicron, which is highly contagious. They are accumulating data to suggest that it may not be creating such severe infection. And if thats the case, our current vaccines with boosters do provide a measure of protection against Omicron, then its likely we will not need an Omicron-specific vaccine. But those decisions havent been made. Dr. William Schaffner

Gandhi said that since antibodies from vaccine-induced B cells adapt towards the variants, variant-specific boosters will likely not be necessary.

We know now that T cells from the vaccine still work against Omicron, she said. Additionally The B cells (generated by the vaccines) adapt the new antibodies they produce to work against variants.

However, vaccines wont be our only weapon against Omicron. Antivirals could also prevent infections from progressing into severe cases. Pfizers antiviral pill Paxlovid and Mercks molnupiravir are under clinical trials.

Schaffner stressed that there isnt enough data to make an informed decision yet.

Its really becoming clear that if it had not been a pandemic, the initial vaccination series would have been a three-dose series. Now, theres a difference between acknowledging that scientifically, and then defining it in a formal way what complete vaccination entails, he told Healthline.

Schaffner said in that sense, we are more likely to see different practices from countries.

The United Kingdom, for example, recently sped up its booster rollout, with Prime Minister Boris Johnson announcing Sunday night that they hoped to get everyone boosted by the New Year instead of the end of January.

At least here in the United States, I think at the moment, we are going to remain with a two-dose receipt being the definition of complete vaccination, with an encouragement to get the booster dose, Schaffner said.

Schaffner also emphasized that in the United States as well as other countries in the world, many people, including some adults and a larger number of kids, havent even received their first dose of the COVID-19 vaccine yet.

Schaffner said that annual immunization, much like with the flu vaccine, could be likely but that this idea was speculation at this point as there was not enough data.

Gandhi said that, thanks to antibodies produced by B cells from the vaccines, we may not need annual boosters.

Nevertheless, efforts are underway to create a combined influenza and COVID-19 vaccine, most notably by Moderna.

As we all look down the road, public health and infectious diseases are rather accepting of the notion that there might be, for example, annual vaccinations, or on occasion, a semi-emergent introduction of a new booster to cope with new variants. All those things are possible, said Schaffner.

However, before such decisions are made, we may need to create a coordinated global response.

Schaffner said that although there was an existing and functioning scientific/public health structure led by the WHO to update influenza vaccines twice a year. there was still no such decision-making mechanism for COVID-19 vaccines.

[T]he administrative leadership of the countries of the world led by WHO is currently just scrambling to put together a decision-making process. I think [instead of] individually countries making those decisions, we need some sort of international coherence. And that structure is being worked on right now, he said.

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Will We Need a 4th COVID-19 Vaccine Dose Due to Omicron? - Healthline

COVID news latest: Boris Johnson ‘must quit’ if he broke rules, senior Conservative MP says; Tories ‘taking soundings’ on future without PM – Sky News

January 11, 2022

Two Australian presenters were recorded calling Novak Djokovic a "lying, sneaky a***hole".

In leaked hot mic footage 7News Melbourne presenters Rebecca Maddern and Mike Amor questioned the legitimacy of his positive COVID test.

Here's a transcript of the audio, reported by Metro.

Rebecca Maddern: Whatever way you look at it, Novak Djokovic is a lying, sneaky a***hole.

Mike Amor: Yeah hes an a***hole. He is an a***hole.

RM: Like whatever way you look at it.

MA: Yeah.

RM: Its unfortunate that everybody else stuffed up around him.

MA: Thats it. I mean, hes an a***hole.

RM: Like, to go out when you know youre COVID positive- Well, I dont think he was even COVID positive.

MA: He gave a bulls*** f***ing excuse, didnt he, fell over his own f***ing lies, which is what happens, right? Thats what happened.

RM: And him now ticking that he didnt go to Spain, its just like

MA: Yeah, but I think hes gonna get away with it.

RM: Well he is gonna get away it, but hes

MA: I think most fair-minded people would say the blokes an a***hole. Did they do the right thing by him? I dont know.

RM: No, I dont think so.

MA: They f***ed it up. Thats the problem, isnt it?

RM: I dont think anything was gained by putting him in an immigration hotel.

MA: No I dont think so, but the trouble is, how do you justify a person who is on the same plane with him who also has

RM: He cant justify it. But the fact is life is never fair. Some people fly first class and some people do you know what I mean? Its never fair.

MA: Yeah, but that poor Czech girl that was f***ing sent home, hunted down and sent home.

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COVID news latest: Boris Johnson 'must quit' if he broke rules, senior Conservative MP says; Tories 'taking soundings' on future without PM - Sky News

Covid-19 testing in the time of omicron: Everything you need to know – New Scientist

January 11, 2022

With omicron infections surging around the world, many countries are changing their coronavirus testing guidelines to better deal with the new variant and the huge number of cases it is causing. Here's what you need to know

By Clare Wilson

Lateral flow tests may be less likely to detect the omicron variant

George Clerk/Getty Images

Even if you have had three doses of coronavirus vaccine, a positive lateral flow test (LFT) result means you are infectious to other people because virus protein is present in large quantities in your nose or throat. For that, the virus must be actively multiplying inside your cells.

However, PCR tests continue to give positive results for days to weeks after an infection, because they can detect tiny quantities of the viruss genetic material, which arent necessarily infectious.

Many countries have lessened their restrictions for people with covid-19 since the start of the surge caused by the omicron variant. In the UK, the isolation period for infected people has been cut from 10 days to seven as long as you get a negative result on two LFTs, also known as rapid antigen tests. These must be done on days six and seven, and carried out at least 24 hours apart. People should remain cautious around others and avoid those who are vulnerable, though.

In the US, the isolation period has been cut to five days for people who have no symptoms or whose symptoms are on the wane, although you should still wear a mask around other people for a further five days. The UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA) says it has no plans to follow suit, and that the situation in the two countries is different. In the UK, the isolation clock begins on the day of a positive test or the first day of symptoms, whichever is first. In the US, it starts on the first day of a positive test and, because these can take several days to access, day five is likely to fall later on in the progression of an infection.

Symptoms may not reflect how much virus is present in a persons throat or nose they could have replicating virus but no symptoms and vice versa. Theres huge variation in the length of infection, and huge variations in viral load, says Al Edwards at the University of Reading, UK.

The UKHSA estimates that between 10 and 30 per cent of people will still be positive at day six and that 5 per cent of people will still be positive at day 10, although the guidance says you no longer have to isolate on day 11, no matter what your LFT results show.

In the UK, people who test positive by LFT will no longer need to take a follow-up PCR test, a temporary change coming into effect on 11 January. This is because background levels of covid-19 are so high with about 1 in 15 people infected in the last week of December that a positive LFT result is currently less likely to be false.

No. Anyone in the UK with covid-19 symptoms but a negative LFT result must still take a PCR test to rule out an infection, because LFTs have too high a rate of false negatives telling someone they are covid-19 free when they really are infected to rely on them if you have symptoms. There are several reasons why LFTs are prone to false negatives, including people failing to swab their nose or throat properly and failing to mix the swab well with the testing fluid, says Edwards. LFTs are only able to detect large amounts of virus.

Opinions differ. The UKHSA says initial investigations suggest that LFTs are as sensitive to omicron as they are to the delta variant that was predominant in most countries until December, although it is continuing further tests. But the US Food and Drug Administration has said LFTs may be less sensitive at detecting omicron.

It is possible that LFTs that only involve swabbing the nose may be more likely to give false negative results for omicron, because some studies have suggested that this variant is more likely to reach high levels in saliva before it does in nasal mucus. One very small US study put online last week suggests that in omicron infections, virus levels peaked in saliva one or two days before they did in nasal mucus, although this analysis included only five people.

Omicron might be exacerbating that differential, where you have your throat and your salivary specimens turning positive earlier, says Michael Mina at US testing company eMed. A study from South Africa also found that saliva swabs were generally more sensitive than nasal swabs for omicron, whereas it is the opposite pattern for the delta variant.

Opinions differ there too. In the UK, LFTs made by Innova instruct users to take throat and nasal swabs, while others only use nasal swabs. In the US, only nasal LFTs are available, so people are less used to taking throat swabs. If at all possible, put your swab in both your throat and nasal cavities, Deenan Pillay at University College London said at last weeks meeting of Independent SAGE, an independent group of scientists in the UK. If the swabs are shorter, stick your fingers in more to get to the back of the throat.

But Edwards says people should only use tests exactly as instructed. If you change the way you use a test, it doesnt meet the manufacturers requirements. [Lower levels in the nose] are probably not going to make that much difference to how accurate the tests are. Most people will be either not infected or will have tons of virus. We should stick to doing tests the proper way.

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Covid-19 testing in the time of omicron: Everything you need to know - New Scientist

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