Yuki, K., Fujiogi, M. & Koutsogiannaki, S. COVID-19 pathophysiology: a review. Clin. Immunol. 215, 108427 (2020).
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Davis, H. E., McCorkell, L., Vogel, J. M. & Topol, E. J. Long COVID: major findings, mechanisms and recommendations. Nat. Rev. Microbiol. 21, 133146 (2023). This comprehensive review of long COVID highlights important underlying pathophysiology and includes detailed information on both cardiac and noncardiac effects of this condition.
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Thaweethai, T. et al. Development of a definition of postacute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection. JAMA https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2023.8823 (2023).
Bonilla, H. et al. Therapeutic trials for long COVID-19: a call to action from the interventions taskforce of the RECOVER initiative. Front. Immunol. 14, 1129459 (2023).
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Phetsouphanh, C. et al. Immunological dysfunction persists for 8 months following initial mild-to-moderate SARS-CoV-2 infection. Nat. Immunol. 23, 210216 (2022).
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Wiersinga, W. J., Rhodes, A., Cheng, A. C., Peacock, S. J. & Prescott, H. C. Pathophysiology, transmission, diagnosis, and treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): a review. JAMA 324, 782793 (2020).
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Long, B. et al. Clinical update on COVID-19 for the emergency clinician: presentation and evaluation. Am. J. Emerg. Med. 54, 4657 (2022).
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Tsampasian, V. et al. Risk factors associated with post-COVID-19 condition: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA Intern. Med. 183, 566580 (2023).
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Dessie, Z. G. & Zewotir, T. Mortality-related risk factors of COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 42 studies and 423,117 patients. BMC Infect. Dis. 21, 855 (2021).
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Lundberg, D. J. et al. COVID-19 mortality by race and ethnicity in US metropolitan and nonmetropolitan areas, March 2020 to February 2022. JAMA Netw. Open 6, e2311098 (2023).
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Minhas, A. S. et al. The role of sex and inflammation in cardiovascular outcomes and mortality in COVID-19. Int. J. Cardiol. 337, 127131 (2021).
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Al-Aly, Z., Bowe, B. & Xie, Y. Long COVID after breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 infection. Nat. Med. 28, 14611467 (2022).
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Tenforde, M. W. et al. Symptom duration and risk factors for delayed return to usual health among outpatients with COVID-19 in a multistate health care systems network - United States, MarchJune 2020. MMWR Morb. Mortal Wkly Rep. 69, 993998 (2020).
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Hu, B., Guo, H., Zhou, P. & Shi, Z.-L. Characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19. Nat. Rev. Microbiol. 19, 141154 (2021).
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Zaim, S., Chong, J. H., Sankaranarayanan, V. & Harky, A. COVID-19 and multiorgan response. Curr. Probl. Cardiol. 45, 100618 (2020).
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Sette, A. & Crotty, S. Adaptive immunity to SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19. Cell 184, 861880 (2021).
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Wong, K. et al. COVID-19 associated vasculitis: a systematic review of case reports and case series. Ann. Med. Surg. 74, 103249 (2022).
Article Google Scholar
Long, B., Brady, W. J., Koyfman, A. & Gottlieb, M. Cardiovascular complications in COVID-19. Am. J. Emerg. Med. 38, 15041507 (2020).
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Luo, W., Liu, X., Bao, K. & Huang, C. Ischemic stroke associated with COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J. Neurol. 269, 17311740 (2022).
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
World Health Organization. A clinical case definition of post-COVID-19 condition by a Delphi consensus. https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/WHO-2019-nCoV-Post_COVID-19_condition-Clinical_case_definition-2021.1 (2021).
Xie, Y., Xu, E., Bowe, B. & Al-Aly, Z. Long-term cardiovascular outcomes of COVID-19. Nat. Med. 28, 583590 (2022). This unique article utilized a large national database to highlight the heightened risk of several cardiovascular complications following COVID-19 infection, which helps frame the importance of a solid knowledge base in this topic for healthcare providers.
Gluckman, T. J.et al. 2022 ACC Expert Consensus Decision Pathway on cardiovascular sequelae of COVID-19 in adults: myocarditis and other myocardial involvement, post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection, and return to play: a report of the American College of Cardiology Solution Set Oversight Committee. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 79, 17171756 (2022). This important expert consensus document discusses different phenotypes of post-COVID-19 condition cardiovascular disease and provides recommendations on screening for myocardial involvement.
Article PubMed Google Scholar
Khan, M. S. et al. Cardiovascular implications of COVID-19 versus influenza infection: a review. BMC Med. 18, 403 (2020).
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Chimenti, C. et al. Intramyocyte detection of EpsteinBarr virus genome by laser capture microdissection in patients with inflammatory cardiomyopathy. Circulation 110, 35343539 (2004).
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Deumer, U.-S. et al. Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS): an overview. J. Clin. Med. 10, 4786 (2021).
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Zheng, Y. -Y., Ma, Y. -T., Zhang, J. -Y. & Xie, X. COVID-19 and the cardiovascular system. Nat. Rev. Cardiol. 17, 259260 (2020).
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Raman, B., Bluemke, D. A., Lscher, T. F. & Neubauer, S. Long COVID: post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 with a cardiovascular focus. Eur. Heart J. 43, 11571172 (2022).
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Bonaventura, A. et al. Endothelial dysfunction and immunothrombosis as key pathogenic mechanisms in COVID-19. Nat. Rev. Immunol. 21, 319329 (2021).
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Beyerstedt, S., Casaro, E. B. & Rangel, . B. COVID-19: angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) expression and tissue susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. 40, 905919 (2021).
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Pretorius, E. et al. Persistent clotting protein pathology in long COVID/post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC) is accompanied by increased levels of antiplasmin. Cardiovasc. Diabetol. 20, 172 (2021).
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Osiaevi, I. et al. Persistent capillary rarefication in long COVID syndrome. Angiogenesis 26, 5361 (2023).
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Patel, M. A. et al. Elevated vascular transformation blood biomarkers in long-COVID indicate angiogenesis as a key pathophysiological mechanism. Mol. Med. 28, 122 (2022).
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Proal, A. D. & VanElzakker, M. B. Long COVID or post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC): an overview of biological factors that may contribute to persistent symptoms. Front. Microbiol. 12, 698169 (2021).
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Naveed, Z. et al. Association of COVID-19 infection with incident diabetes. JAMA Netw Open 6, e238866 (2023).
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Mohiuddin Chowdhury, A. T. M. et al. Clinical characteristics and the long-term post-recovery manifestations of the COVID-19 patientsa prospective multicenter cross-sectional study. Front. Med. 8, 663670 (2021).
Article Google Scholar
Gyngysi, M. et al. Long COVID and the cardiovascular system-elucidating causes and cellular mechanisms in order to develop targeted diagnostic and therapeutic strategies: a joint Scientific Statement of the ESC Working Groups on Cellular Biology of the Heart and Myocardial and Pericardial Diseases. Cardiovasc. Res. 119, 336356 (2023). This is a thorough Scientific Statement describing long COVID epidemiology, diagnosis, pathophysiology, and management with specific emphasis on the cardiovascular system.
Article PubMed Google Scholar
Miglis, M. G. et al. A case report of postural tachycardia syndrome after COVID-19. Clin. Auton. Res. 30, 449451 (2020).
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Kanjwal, K., Jamal, S., Kichloo, A. & Grubb, B. P. New-onset postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome following coronavirus disease 2019 infection. J. Innov. Card. Rhythm Manag. 11, 43024304 (2020).
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Ishibashi, Y., Yoneyama, K., Tsuchida, T. & Akashi, J. Y. Post-COVID-19 postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome. Intern. Med. 60, 2345 (2021).
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
OSullivan, J. S., Lyne, A. & Vaughan, C. J. COVID-19-induced postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome treated with ivabradine. BMJ Case Rep. 14, e243585 (2021).
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Schofield, J. R. Persistent antiphospholipid antibodies, mast cell activation syndrome, postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome and post-COVID syndrome: 1 year on. Eur. J. Case Rep. Intern. Med. 8, 002378 (2021).
PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Johansson, M. et al. Long-haul post-COVID-19 symptoms presenting as a variant of postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome: the Swedish experience. JACC Case Rep. 3, 573580 (2021).
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Blitshteyn, S. & Whitelaw, S. Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS) and other autonomic disorders after COVID-19 infection: a case series of 20 patients. Immunol. Res. 69, 205211 (2021).
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Bosco, J. & Titano, R. Severe post-COVID-19 dysautonomia: a case report. BMC Infect. Dis. 22, 214 (2022).
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Wallukat, G. et al. Functional autoantibodies against G-protein-coupled receptors in patients with persistent long-COVID-19 symptoms. J. Transl. Autoimmun. 4, 100100 (2021).
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Buoite Stella, A. et al. Autonomic dysfunction in post-COVID patients with and witfhout neurological symptoms: a prospective multidomain observational study. J. Neurol. 269, 587596 (2022).
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Shouman, K. et al. Autonomic dysfunction following COVID-19 infection: an early experience. Clin. Auton. Res. 31, 385394 (2021).
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Campen, C. L. M. C., van, Rowe, P. C. & Visser, F. C. Orthostatic symptoms and reductions in cerebral blood flow in long-haul COVID-19 patients: similarities with myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome. Medicina 58, 28 (2021).
Article PubMed Google Scholar
Novak, P. et al. Multisystem involvement in post-acute sequelae of coronavirus disease 19. Ann. Neurol. 91, 367379 (2022).
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Jamal, S. M. et al. Prospective evaluation of autonomic dysfunction in post-acute sequela of COVID-19. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 79, 23252330 (2022).
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Eldokla, A. M. & Ali, S. T. Autonomic function testing in long-COVID syndrome patients with orthostatic intolerance. Auton. Neurosci. 241, 102997 (2022).
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Campen, C. L. M. Cvan & Visser, F. C. Long-haul COVID patients: prevalence of POTS are reduced but cerebral blood flow abnormalities remain abnormal with longer disease duration. Healthcare 10, 2105 (2022).
Read more:
Cardiovascular effects of the post-COVID-19 condition - Nature.com
- Biohackers Are on a Secret Hunt for the Coronavirus Vaccine - Reason [Last Updated On: March 16th, 2020] [Originally Added On: March 16th, 2020]
- Can synthetic biology protect us from coronavirus? And the next one? - Big Think [Last Updated On: March 16th, 2020] [Originally Added On: March 16th, 2020]
- When will there be a coronavirus vaccine and who will get it first? - Yahoo News [Last Updated On: March 16th, 2020] [Originally Added On: March 16th, 2020]
- These nine companies are working on coronavirus treatments or vaccines heres where things stand - MarketWatch [Last Updated On: March 16th, 2020] [Originally Added On: March 16th, 2020]
- Coronavirus Vaccine At Least a Year Away, But Treatment Could Be Here in Months - Newsweek [Last Updated On: March 16th, 2020] [Originally Added On: March 16th, 2020]
- Coronavirus Drug and Vaccine Studies Are Recruiting Their First Volunteers - TIME [Last Updated On: March 16th, 2020] [Originally Added On: March 16th, 2020]
- Brexit means coronavirus vaccine will be slower to reach the UK - The Guardian [Last Updated On: March 16th, 2020] [Originally Added On: March 16th, 2020]
- First patient injected in trial of coronavirus vaccine - WCVB Boston [Last Updated On: March 16th, 2020] [Originally Added On: March 16th, 2020]
- A coronavirus vaccine is in the making But you may have to check your pockets first - Duke Chronicle [Last Updated On: March 16th, 2020] [Originally Added On: March 16th, 2020]
- Coronavirus vaccines and treatment: Everything you need to know - CNET [Last Updated On: March 16th, 2020] [Originally Added On: March 16th, 2020]
- Coronavirus outbreak: How much testing should we do, and where are we on developing a vaccine? - Economic Times [Last Updated On: March 17th, 2020] [Originally Added On: March 17th, 2020]
- Coronavirus Vaccines Precision Vaccinations [Last Updated On: March 17th, 2020] [Originally Added On: March 17th, 2020]
- How Long Will It Take to Develop a Vaccine for Coronavirus? [Last Updated On: March 17th, 2020] [Originally Added On: March 17th, 2020]
- California lab says it discovered coronavirus vaccine in 3 hours [Last Updated On: March 17th, 2020] [Originally Added On: March 17th, 2020]
- Coronavirus outbreak in Wuhan, China: Vaccine may be ready in ... [Last Updated On: March 17th, 2020] [Originally Added On: March 17th, 2020]
- Everything You Need to Know About Canine Coronavirus Vaccine [Last Updated On: March 17th, 2020] [Originally Added On: March 17th, 2020]
- CSU Researchers Are Working Full-Bore On The Mysteries Of Coronavirus And A Vaccine - Colorado Public Radio [Last Updated On: March 18th, 2020] [Originally Added On: March 18th, 2020]
- How soon will we have a coronavirus vaccine? The race against covid-19 - New Scientist [Last Updated On: March 18th, 2020] [Originally Added On: March 18th, 2020]
- Coronavirus trial vaccine participant says he wants to help the world - CNN [Last Updated On: March 18th, 2020] [Originally Added On: March 18th, 2020]
- Daily briefing: The five questions that scientists hunting a coronavirus vaccine must answer - Nature.com [Last Updated On: March 21st, 2020] [Originally Added On: March 21st, 2020]
- Baltimore scientists to work on third experimental coronavirus vaccine - Baltimore Sun [Last Updated On: March 21st, 2020] [Originally Added On: March 21st, 2020]
- The coronavirus could kill millions of Americans: 'Do the math,' immunization specialist says - CNBC [Last Updated On: March 21st, 2020] [Originally Added On: March 21st, 2020]
- We're still in the early days of coronavirus vaccine research - Axios [Last Updated On: March 21st, 2020] [Originally Added On: March 21st, 2020]
- Inoculating the Coronavirus Vaccine Against the Profit Pandemic - The New Republic [Last Updated On: March 21st, 2020] [Originally Added On: March 21st, 2020]
- Wanted: People Willing to Get Sick to Find Coronavirus Vaccine - The Wall Street Journal [Last Updated On: March 21st, 2020] [Originally Added On: March 21st, 2020]
- Coronavirus vaccine trial, Mars rover delay and a boost for UK science - Nature.com [Last Updated On: March 21st, 2020] [Originally Added On: March 21st, 2020]
- Thousands of scientists are racing to find a vaccine for coronavirus. 41 possibilities are in the works. - The Californian [Last Updated On: March 21st, 2020] [Originally Added On: March 21st, 2020]
- 'I Wanted To Do Something,' Says Mother Of 2 Who Is First To Test Coronavirus Vaccine - NPR [Last Updated On: March 21st, 2020] [Originally Added On: March 21st, 2020]
- Vaccine Trials To Fight Coronavirus Offer Hope, Could Be Harbinger Of New Technology - Outlook India [Last Updated On: March 23rd, 2020] [Originally Added On: March 23rd, 2020]
- Image of COVID-19 test kit shared as newly developed 'coronavirus vaccine' by Roche - Alt News [Last Updated On: March 23rd, 2020] [Originally Added On: March 23rd, 2020]
- A coronavirus vaccine is the only thing that can make life 'perfectly normal' again, former FDA commissioner says - The Week [Last Updated On: March 23rd, 2020] [Originally Added On: March 23rd, 2020]
- Johnson & Johnson CEO on potential coronavirus vaccine: 'I think we'll have important data by the end of the year' - Fox News [Last Updated On: March 23rd, 2020] [Originally Added On: March 23rd, 2020]
- As the First Coronavirus Vaccine Human Trials Begin, Manufacturer Is Already Preparing to Scale Production to Millions - TIME [Last Updated On: March 23rd, 2020] [Originally Added On: March 23rd, 2020]
- A coronavirus vaccine is the only thing that can make life 'perfectly normal' again, former FDA commissioner says - Yahoo News [Last Updated On: March 25th, 2020] [Originally Added On: March 25th, 2020]
- This Vaccine Could Save Health Care Workers From the Coronavirus - Foreign Policy [Last Updated On: March 25th, 2020] [Originally Added On: March 25th, 2020]
- Coronavirus vaccine must be affordable and accessible - The Conversation CA [Last Updated On: March 25th, 2020] [Originally Added On: March 25th, 2020]
- Over 100 drugs are in testing in the race to treat coronavirus - Axios [Last Updated On: March 25th, 2020] [Originally Added On: March 25th, 2020]
- This is when the first coronavirus drugs might actually be available - BGR [Last Updated On: March 25th, 2020] [Originally Added On: March 25th, 2020]
- Another Day, Another Meme to Debunk: Vaccines for the Bovine Coronavirus Will Not Cure COVID-19 - Mother Jones [Last Updated On: March 25th, 2020] [Originally Added On: March 25th, 2020]
- A Coronavirus Vaccine Could Be the First That Outwits Nature - Singularity Hub [Last Updated On: March 25th, 2020] [Originally Added On: March 25th, 2020]
- Coronavirus treatment other than vaccines may be available soon - The Jerusalem Post [Last Updated On: March 25th, 2020] [Originally Added On: March 25th, 2020]
- Coronavirus: Vaccine hopes given boost as researcher says virus not mutating - The Independent [Last Updated On: March 27th, 2020] [Originally Added On: March 27th, 2020]
- Coronavirus Vaccine Is Critical, The Infection Could Become Seasonal, Researchers Warn - NDTV News [Last Updated On: March 27th, 2020] [Originally Added On: March 27th, 2020]
- A coronavirus vaccine from Virginia? These researchers are working on it. - The Virginian-Pilot - The Virginian-Pilot [Last Updated On: March 27th, 2020] [Originally Added On: March 27th, 2020]
- Scientists, under pressure, try to balance speed and safety on coronavirus vaccine research - NBCNews.com [Last Updated On: March 27th, 2020] [Originally Added On: March 27th, 2020]
- Should scientists infect healthy people with the coronavirus to test vaccines? - Nature.com [Last Updated On: March 27th, 2020] [Originally Added On: March 27th, 2020]
- Coronavirus Vaccines May Not Work for the Elderlyand This Lab Aims to Change That - Scientific American [Last Updated On: March 27th, 2020] [Originally Added On: March 27th, 2020]
- Vaccine Development Is Risky Business. Biotechs Are Tackling The Coronavirus, Anyway - WBUR [Last Updated On: March 29th, 2020] [Originally Added On: March 29th, 2020]
- Coronavirus vaccine: how soon will we have one? - World Economic Forum [Last Updated On: March 29th, 2020] [Originally Added On: March 29th, 2020]
- USC Working on Coronavirus Vaccine, Researchers Announce - NBC Southern California [Last Updated On: March 29th, 2020] [Originally Added On: March 29th, 2020]
- Tracking the development of coronavirus treatments - NBC News [Last Updated On: April 1st, 2020] [Originally Added On: April 1st, 2020]
- In the fight against coronavirus, antivirals are as important as a vaccine. Here's where the science is up to - The Conversation AU [Last Updated On: April 1st, 2020] [Originally Added On: April 1st, 2020]
- Johnson & Johnson Says It Could Have Coronavirus Vaccine Ready by Early 2021 - The Daily Beast [Last Updated On: April 1st, 2020] [Originally Added On: April 1st, 2020]
- Coronavirus: when will the vaccine be ready? - AS South Africa [Last Updated On: April 1st, 2020] [Originally Added On: April 1st, 2020]
- A Coronavirus Vaccine Is Coming, And It Will Work - City Journal [Last Updated On: April 1st, 2020] [Originally Added On: April 1st, 2020]
- With record-setting speed, vaccinemakers take their first shots at the new coronavirus - Science Magazine [Last Updated On: April 1st, 2020] [Originally Added On: April 1st, 2020]
- CDC: Coronavirus Vaccine Will Be Ready for Refusal By Anti-Vaxxers By 2021 - MedPage Today [Last Updated On: April 3rd, 2020] [Originally Added On: April 3rd, 2020]
- The race to find a coronavirus treatment has one major obstacle: big pharma - The Guardian [Last Updated On: April 3rd, 2020] [Originally Added On: April 3rd, 2020]
- Why A Coronavirus Vaccine May Be Years Away - The National Interest [Last Updated On: April 3rd, 2020] [Originally Added On: April 3rd, 2020]
- The race is on for coronavirus vaccines and treatments: current R&D status - The Pharma Letter [Last Updated On: April 3rd, 2020] [Originally Added On: April 3rd, 2020]
- Tests of potential coronavirus vaccine spur growth of virus-fighting antibodies - USA TODAY [Last Updated On: April 3rd, 2020] [Originally Added On: April 3rd, 2020]
- A 100-yr-old vaccine is being tested against the new coronavirus. Can it work? - Economic Times [Last Updated On: April 6th, 2020] [Originally Added On: April 6th, 2020]
- Coronavirus Live Updates: Boris Johnson Moved to Intensive Care and the U.S. Death Toll Surpasses 10,000 - The New York Times [Last Updated On: April 6th, 2020] [Originally Added On: April 6th, 2020]
- When will a coronavirus shot be ready? A look at the vaccine race. - WRAL.com [Last Updated On: April 6th, 2020] [Originally Added On: April 6th, 2020]
- Hulk Hogan on coronavirus: Maybe we dont need a vaccine - Tampa Bay Times [Last Updated On: April 6th, 2020] [Originally Added On: April 6th, 2020]
- White House advisor Fauci says coronavirus vaccine trial is on target and will be 'ultimate game changer' - CNBC [Last Updated On: April 6th, 2020] [Originally Added On: April 6th, 2020]
- Coronavirus vaccine will take time, so researchers are hunting for and finding promising new COVID-19 tre - OregonLive [Last Updated On: April 6th, 2020] [Originally Added On: April 6th, 2020]
- Chester County to begin testing for coronavirus antibodies; British prime minister moved to intensive care - The Philadelphia Inquirer [Last Updated On: April 6th, 2020] [Originally Added On: April 6th, 2020]
- MAP: Where coronavirus treatments and vaccines are being tested on patients in the US - Business Insider - Business Insider [Last Updated On: April 6th, 2020] [Originally Added On: April 6th, 2020]
- Coronavirus pandemic: Why it takes so long to make a vaccine - Business Today [Last Updated On: April 8th, 2020] [Originally Added On: April 8th, 2020]
- A vaccine for coronavirus is the goal, but what does it take to get there? - ABC News [Last Updated On: April 8th, 2020] [Originally Added On: April 8th, 2020]
- Trump says there's light at the end of the tunnel with coronavirus vaccine and treatment research - CNBC [Last Updated On: April 8th, 2020] [Originally Added On: April 8th, 2020]
- Russia Ready to Start Testing Coronavirus Vaccines on Humans in June - The Moscow Times [Last Updated On: April 8th, 2020] [Originally Added On: April 8th, 2020]
- Why a coronavirus vaccine takes over a year to produce and why that is incredibly fast - World Economic Forum [Last Updated On: April 8th, 2020] [Originally Added On: April 8th, 2020]
- Pandemic expert calls for manufacturing coronavirus vaccines before they're proven to work - The Week [Last Updated On: April 8th, 2020] [Originally Added On: April 8th, 2020]
- More Coronavirus Vaccine Efforts Move Toward Human Trials - The New York Times [Last Updated On: April 8th, 2020] [Originally Added On: April 8th, 2020]
- A coronavirus vaccine is being developed in record time. But don't expect that technology to speed up flu vaccines yet. - USA TODAY [Last Updated On: April 8th, 2020] [Originally Added On: April 8th, 2020]
- A New Front for Nationalism: The Global Battle Against a Virus - The New York Times [Last Updated On: April 10th, 2020] [Originally Added On: April 10th, 2020]
- Here's how your body gains immunity to coronavirus - The Guardian [Last Updated On: April 10th, 2020] [Originally Added On: April 10th, 2020]
- Pfizer aims to create coronavirus vaccine by end of 2020 - MLive.com [Last Updated On: April 10th, 2020] [Originally Added On: April 10th, 2020]