Avian flu expands across B.C., endangering poultry, birds of prey and other wildlife – CBC.ca

British Columbia

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Posted: November 17, 2023

As bird flu devastates a growing number of poultry farms in B.C., wildlife experts are raising the alarm about the deadly virus' impact on wild animals andpossible threat of it turning into another pandemic among humans.

The virus, known as avian influenza or H5N1, has spread to some birds of prey inthe province, as well as skunks, experts say.

One Abbotsford, B.C., wildlife rescuer said her centre has been inundated by calls to help an overwhelming number of birds recently with rigorous disinfecting measures significantly raising costs and workload.

"The symptoms are horrible for these guys, and there's so many dead and dying all over the place," Elizabeth Melnick, founder of Elizabeth's Wildlife Center, told CBC News inside her rescue clinic. "It is really bad."

So far, she's only seen geese and ducks carrying the virus, but the B.C. Centre for Disease Control (BCCDC) says the current strain hasbeen seen in skunks, foxesand marine animals.

Little can be done to help birds brought into her care, Melnick noted, except euthanizingthem.

"There's nothing you can do.There's not a treatment," Melnick said. "Just as you get everything all changed and thrown away and sanitized, the phone rings and you've got to start over again.

"It just goes on and on."

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According to the BCCDC, North America's current avian influenza strainis a contagious viral infection that mainly impacts birds "but can infect humans and other mammals."

The agency said itspreads through direct contact with infected animals or remains. But so far, it emphasized, H5N1 has not spread to anyBritish Columbians.

"While avian influenza viruses usually do not infect humans and cannot spread easily from person-to-person, we are monitoring closely," the BCCDC said in a statement Friday.

As the virusspreadsmore widely among birds and mammals, however, the agency said it is being vigilant about"the potential for human exposure," as well as "concernsthat the virus could adapt to infect humans more easily."

The rising number of cases is also alarming for researchers and government officials, who are collaborating and sharing information through the Canadian Wildlife Health Cooperative (CWHC) a cross-Canada network of experts that also partners withthe country's five veterinary colleges and the British Columbia Animal Health Centre.

While millions of birds have had to be killed, humans have so far been "really lucky," CWHCCEO Damien Jolysaidin an interview from his home in Nanaimo, B.C.

"But every time there's a human that is exposed to this virus, we run another chance of the virus evolving and adapting to be able to spread in humans," the wildlife biologistsaid. "It has that potential."

In addition to its obvious threat to millions of farm poultry and the risk of it mutating into a human pandemic, he saidwildlife researchers are also deeply concerned about wild species at risk.

Although there is no vaccine or cure for infected animals, an experimental immunization has been attempted on endangered California condors one of the raptors so far known to be at risk of infection.

"It's an experiment, so we'll see how it goes," Joly said.

But even if a vaccine is effective"it's just not something that we would be able to to implementon any kind of scale." Instead, the solution is stricter security measures to keep farm animals away from wildlife, he said.

According to the B.C. Poultry Association, a non-profit which represents more than 500 chicken and turkey operations in the province, the virus is spreading quickly.

In just the last month, 32 poultry farms have been hit by the virus affecting chickens, ducks and turkeys. Most are in the Fraser Valley, where migrating waterfowl are often the source.

"We're in peak fall migration right now so as they come through the Fraser Valley, they are spreading the virus," associationspokesperson Amanda Brittainsaid in an interview Friday. "If avian influenza is found on a farm, it is quite devastating."

She said the virus is fatal for all infected birds, and entire flocks must be culled to prevent its spread. Once an infection is reported, the Canadian Food Inspection Agency takes over.

Not only does the farmer lose their entire flock, Brittain said, but all traces of the virus must be eliminated before any new birds can replace the culled ones.

"I can't even describe the devastation of losing all your flock," she said. "It is mentally very difficult and financially challenging.

"Farmers that have not been personally impacted by the virus, their anxiety and stress levels are through the roof as they're trying to keep the virus out of their barns."

But Brittain said that, thanks to rigorous regulations, consumers need not fear catching the virus from poultry on the butcher or grocery shelves.

"I don't want to downplay it for the individual farmer it is devastating but for the average consumer they're not going to see much difference at the grocery store," she said.

Solving the problem is a vexing one for both farmers and wildlife experts.

For rescuers, like Melnick, it's a taxing and seemingly intractable problem.

"I don't know if anybody really knows what the solution is," she said. "Our resources are extremely limited."

David P. Ball is a multimedia journalist with CBC News in Vancouver. He has previously reported for the Toronto Star, Agence France-Presse, The Globe & Mail, and The Tyee, and has won awards from the Canadian Association of Journalists and Jack Webster Foundation. Send story tips or ideas to david.ball@cbc.ca, or contact him via social media (@davidpball).

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Avian flu expands across B.C., endangering poultry, birds of prey and other wildlife - CBC.ca