Covid vaccine tracker: when will a coronavirus vaccine be ready? – The Guardian

Pre-clinical

vaccines not yet in human trials

vaccines in small-scale safety trials

vaccines in expanded safety trials

vaccines in large-scale efficacy trials

vaccines approved for general use

Source: WHO. Last updated 9 Sep

Researchers around the world are racing to develop a vaccine against Covid-19, with more than 170 candidate vaccines now tracked by the World Health Organization (WHO).

Vaccines normally require years of testing and additional time to produce at scale, but scientists are hoping to develop a coronavirus vaccine within 12 to 18 months.

Vaccines mimic the virus or part of the virus they protect against, stimulating the immune system to develop antibodies. They must follow higher safety standards than other drugs because they are given to millions of healthy people.

In the pre-clinical stage of testing, researchers give the vaccine to animals to see if it triggers an immune response.

In phase 1 of clinical testing, the vaccine is given to a small group of people to determine whether it is safe and to learn more about the immune response it provokes.

In phase 2, the vaccine is given to hundreds of people so scientists can learn more about its safety and correct dosage.

In phase 3, the vaccine is given to thousands of people to confirm its safety including rare side effects and effectiveness. These trials involve a control group which is given a placebo.

University of Oxford/AstraZeneca

CanSino Biologics Inc./Beijing Institute of Biotechnology

BioNTech/Fosun Pharma/Pfizer

Wuhan Institute of Biological Products/Sinopharm

Chinese company Sinovac is developing a vaccine based on inactivated Covid-19 particles. The vaccine has shown a promising safety profile in the early stages of testing and is now moving into Phase 3 trials in Brazil.

Beijing Institute of Biological Products/Sinopharm

Gamaleya Research Institute

Osaka University/ AnGes/ Takara Bio

Kentucky Bioprocessing, Inc

Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies

Research Institute for Biological Safety Problems, Rep of Kazakhstan

Cadila Healthcare Limited

Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences

Anhui Zhifei Longcom Biopharmaceutical/Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences

Inovio Pharmaceuticals/ International Vaccine Institute

Instituto Finlay de Vacunas, Cuba

Institute Pasteur/Themis/Univ. of Pittsburgh CVR/Merck Sharp & Dohme

West China Hospital, Sichuan University

FBRI SRC VB VECTOR, Rospotrebnadzor, Koltsovo

People's Liberation Army (PLA) Academy of Military Sciences/Walvax Biotech.

Clover Biopharmaceuticals Inc./GSK/Dynavax

ReiThera/LEUKOCARE/Univercells

University of Queensland/CSL/Seqirus

Medigen Vaccine Biologics Corporation/NIAID/Dynavax

University of Melbourne/Murdoch Childrens Research Institute

The Murdoch Childrens Research Institute in Australia is conducting a phase 3 trial using a nearly 100-year-old tuberculosis vaccine. The vaccine is not thought to protect directly against Covid-19 but might boost the bodys non-specific immune response.

Source: WHO. Last updated 9 Sep

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Covid vaccine tracker: when will a coronavirus vaccine be ready? - The Guardian