WHO confirms H9N2 bird flu in India in 4-year-old; heres how it affects kids differently as compared to adults – The Indian Express

The World Health Organization (WHO) recently said that a case of human infection with bird flu caused by the H9N2 virus was detected in a four-year-old in West Bengal. This is the second documented case in India; the first was found in 2019. Admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit (ICU) of a local hospital, the child experienced persistent severe respiratory issues, high fever, and abdominal cramps in February, and was discharged three months later after diagnosis and treatment.

While the H9N2 virus typically results in mild illness, the WHO has warned of the potential for sporadic human cases because it is one of the most widespread avian influenza viruses present in poultry.

Lets understand about the illness and how it manifests.

H9N2 is a subtype of avian influenza virus, commonly found in birds. While it primarily infects birds, it can occasionally infect humans, including children, said Dr Saurabh Khanna, lead consultant, paediatrics and neonatology, CK Birla Hospital, Gurgaon.

The risk of getting bird flu is comparatively low unless children come in contact with a contaminated environment, infected birds, animals, or their secretions, said Dr Jagdish Kathwate, consultant neonatologist and paediatrician, Motherhood Hospital Kharadi Pune.

Transmission: Primarily via contact with contaminated environments or diseased birds. Children who are exposed to live poultry markets or farms may contract the virus. The virus can adapt to humans and cause infection, elaborated Dr Khanna.

Like any other viral infection Fever, cough, sore throat, runny or stuffy nose, and headache. Other Symptoms: Muscle aches, fatigue, and conjunctivitis.

In some cases, severe symptoms like difficulty breathing and pneumonia can occur.

It is crucial to immediately seek medical guidance if you start to experience symptoms like fever, lack of appetite, cough, sore throat, and breathing problems for prompt diagnosis, urged Dr Kathwate.

Limiting exposure to live poultry and bird markets is essential for preventing H9N2 avian influenza since these types of environments can act as hotspots for viral transmission. Reducing the risk of infection requires adhering to proper hygiene practices, such as frequent hand washing, especially after interacting with birds or their habitats, said Dr Khanna.

Getting the yearly flu shot can provide some cross-protection against H9N2, even if there isnt a specialised vaccination for it, added Dr Khanna. The risk of getting the virus can also be reduced by using protective gear, such as masks and gloves when working with birds, mentioned Dr Khanna.

Multiple laboratory tests are part of the H9N2 avian influenza diagnostic process. According to Dr Khanna, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, or RT-PCR, is frequently used to identify viruses precisely by detecting the presence of viral RNA. Swabs from the throat and nose are also necessary because they are used to isolate and identify viruses, which enables a detailed examination of the infection, said Dr Khanna.

Furthermore, serological studiesblood tests that look for antibodies against the virusare essential for determining immune responses and verifying prior infections. These extensive testing techniques are essential for precise H9N2 avian influenza diagnosis and efficient treatment, Dr Khanna.

Antiviral Drugs: Oseltamivir (Tamiflu) and Zanamivir (Relenza) may be effective if started early. Supportive Care: Hydration, rest, fever management, and addressing respiratory symptoms. Hospitalisation: In severe cases, hospitalization may be necessary for respiratory support and intensive care.

The impact of H9N2 avian influenza can differ significantly between children and adults, said Dr Khanna. While children often experience milder symptoms compared to adults, they are also more susceptible to severe complications due to their developing immune systems. Additionally, children are more likely to come into contact with birds during play, which increases their risk of infection. This combination of factors underscores the need for heightened vigilance and protective measures for children to mitigate their risk of contracting and spreading the virus, elaborated Dr Khanna.

General advice for parents

Monitor children for flu-like symptoms if theyve been around birds. Keep children away from areas with known bird flu outbreaks. Ensure good hygiene practices.

Understanding these aspects of H9N2 bird flu helps in preventing, diagnosing, and treating the infection effectively, especially in vulnerable populations like children. The annual influenza vaccination during such epidemics can be emphasised, said Dr Khanna.

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WHO confirms H9N2 bird flu in India in 4-year-old; heres how it affects kids differently as compared to adults - The Indian Express