Investigating the trend of demographic changes, mortality, clinical and paraclinical findings of patients hospitalized in … – BMC Infectious…

The present study was conducted with the aim of comparing the trend of demographic changes, mortality, clinical and paraclinical findings of patients admitted to the corona ward, before and after the start of general vaccination of COVID-19. The most important findings of the present study indicate that before the start of general vaccination for COVID-19, the majority of patients were hospitalized in the Corona Intensive Care Unit (59.3%), aged between 51 and 65 years (47.3%), hospitalized for more than 3 days (54%), required intubation (49.3%), had SPO2<93% (60.7%), and exhibited common symptoms such as cough, shortness of breath, and loss of consciousness. Paraclinical findings included positive CRP, decreased lymphocytes, and ground glass opacity (GGO). After the start of general vaccination for COVID-19, most patients were hospitalized in the general care department of Corona (68%), aged between 36 and 50 years (47.3%), hospitalized for less than three days (66%), required intubation (20%), had SPO293% (77.3%), and exhibited common symptoms such as weakness, headache, and body pain. Paraclinical findings were within the normal range.

The findings of the present study showed that before the general vaccination of COVID-19, most of the patients hospitalized in corona wards were in the age range of 5165 years. However, after the start of general vaccination against COVID-19, most of the patients hospitalized in corona wards were in the age range of 3650 years.

In line with this finding of the present study, the results of the studies A. Christie et al. (2021) [19], M. L. Salomo et al. (2022) [20] as well as Emre zgen et al. (2023) [21] showed that general vaccination of COVID-19 was associated with a change in the age range of patients hospitalized in corona wards. So that after the start of general vaccination of COVID-19, most of the patients hospitalized in corona wards were in the age group of less than 50 years.

But the results of the study K. Dooling et al. (2021) [22] as well as the results of the study by H. Rossman et al. (2021) [23] are not in line with this finding of the present study. So that the results of their studies showed that the general vaccination of COVID-19 is not related to the change in the age range of hospitalized patients. Also, most of the patients admitted to the Corona wards were elderly people over 60 years old. This discrepancy in research findings can be related to the different geographical environment in the studies as well as the type and number of hospitalized patients.

The findings of the present study showed that most of the patients were hospitalized in the Corona Intensive Care Department before the general vaccination of COVID-19. After the start of the general vaccination of COVID-19, most of the patients were hospitalized in the normal care department of Corona. The results of the study of M. Moffa et al. (2022) [24] as well as the results of the study M. Fogolari et al. (2022) [25] is in line with this finding of the present study. The results of their studies showed that after the start of general vaccination of COVID-19, most of the patients were hospitalized in the general care departments for corona patients. So that the number of patients hospitalized in the special corona wards has decreased.

But the results of the study of M. zsoy et al. (2023) [26] as well as the results of the study of B. Ngo et al. (2021) [27] is not in line with this finding of the present study. So that the results of their study showed that there is no connection between the start of general vaccination of COVID-19 and the type of inpatient department of corona patients. This discrepancy in research findings can be related to the different geographical environment in the studies as well as the type and number of hospitalized patients.

The findings of the present study showed that before the general vaccination of COVID-19, most of the patients were hospitalized for more than 3 days in the care units for corona patients. Also, the findings showed that after the start of general vaccination for COVID-19, most of the patients were hospitalized in the care units for corona patients for less than three days.

In line with this finding of the current research, the results of the study of M. Tenforde et al. (2021) [28] and the results of the study by Aakashneel Bhattacharya et al. (2021) [29] showed that the start of general vaccination of COVID-19 is related to the number of days of hospitalization of patients in corona wards. so that after the start of the general vaccination of COVID-19, the number of days of hospitalization of patients in corona wards has decreased.

However, the results of the study of G. Suleyman et al. (2022) [30] and the results of the study of Anshuman Srivastava et al. (2022) [31] are not in line with this finding of the present study. So that the results of their study showed that there is no relationship between the start of general vaccination for COVID-19 and the number of days of hospitalization of patients in the care departments for corona patients.

The findings of the present study showed that the number of patients requiring intubation had decreased after the start of general vaccination against COVID-19. In line with this finding of the present study, the results of the study by C. Bezzio et al. (2020) [32] as well as the results of the study by Cristiane de Freitas Paganoti et al. (2022) [33] showed that the start of general vaccination of COVID-19 has been associated with a decrease in the need for intubation and also a decrease in the need for hospitalization in special corona wards.

The findings of the present study showed that the percentage of oxygen saturation (SPO2) in most patients was less than 93% before the start of the general vaccination of COVID-19 and more than 93% after the start of the general vaccination of COVID-19. In line with this finding of the present study, the results of Linzy Houchen-Wolloff et al. (2021) [34] as well as the results of the study of Ulfa Husnul Fata et al. (2022) [35] showed that the start of general vaccination of COVID-19 was associated with an increase in the percentage of oxygen saturation in patients hospitalized in corona wards.

The findings of the present study showed that the mortality rate in patients hospitalized in the care units for Corona patients decreased after the start of general vaccination for COVID-19. The results of the study by R. Kempker et al. (2022) [36] and the results of the study by P. Moreno-Nunez et al. (2022) [37] are in line with this finding of the present study. The results of their study showed that the start of general vaccination for COVID-19 was associated with a decrease in mortality in patients hospitalized in COVID-19 wards.

The findings of the present study showed that before the general vaccination of COVID-19, cough, dyspnea, and loss of consciousness were among the common symptoms of patients hospitalized in corona wards. However, after the start of the general vaccination of COVID-19, general weakness, headache, and body pain were among the common symptoms of patients hospitalized in corona wards. The results of the study of Zunaira Khan et al. (2022) [38] are in line with this finding of the present study, as the results of their study showed that: after the start of the general vaccination of COVID-19, general weakness, headache, and acute myelopathy were among the common symptoms of patients hospitalized in corona wards.

Also, the results of the study by L. Bonifcio et al. (2022) [39] are in line with this finding of the present study. The results of their study showed that: before the general vaccination of COVID-19, common symptoms like cough, dyspnea, and loss of consciousness were common, but after the vaccination, general weakness, headache, and muscle weakness emerged.

The findings of the present study showed that the laboratory results of most of the patients hospitalized in the care units for corona patients before the start of general vaccination of COVID-19 included positive CRP and a decrease in lymphocytes. However, after the start of the general vaccination of COVID-19, the laboratory findings of most of the patients hospitalized in the care units for corona patients were normal.

The results of the study of H. Fu et al. (2020) [40] are in line with this finding of the present study, in such a way that the results of their study showed that: after the start of general vaccination, CRP levels decreased significantly and lymphocyte counts increased in COVID-19 patients. Also, the results of the study of H. Akbari et al. (2020) [41] are in line with this finding of the present study. The results of their study showed that: before the start of general vaccination, most COVID-19 patients had a decrease in lymphocytes and an increase in CRP, but after the start of vaccination, these results reversed.

The findings of the present study showed that the radiology results of most of the patients hospitalized in the care departments of Corona patients before the start of general vaccination of COVID-19 were ground glass opacity (GGO). However, after the start of general vaccination against COVID-19, the radiology results of most of the patients hospitalized in the care units for corona patients were normal.

The results of the study of Mamatha Reddy D. Cozzi et al. (2021) [42] are in line with this finding of the present study in such a way that the results of their study showed that: before the start of general vaccination against COVID-19, most hospitalized patients had ground-glass opacities (GGO) on CT, but after the vaccination, GGO results decreased. Also, the results of the study of Jufriadif Naam et al. [43] (2021) are in line with this finding of the present study in such a way that the results of their study showed that: before the start of general vaccination against COVID-19, most hospitalized patients had radiology results showing ground glass opacity (GGO) in their thorax.

Among the limitations of the study were the short study period and the small number of samples under investigation. It is suggested to conduct future studies over a longer period of time and with a larger sample size. Another limitation of the current study was the newness of the MCMC system, which was associated with limitations such as not recording a number of variables. Therefore, access to all demographic, clinical, and paraclinical variables of the patients was not possible.

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